Behavioral Science Essay Example

Behavioral Science Essay Example Behavioral Science Essay Behavioral Science Essay 595,000 people, most likely men, women, handicapped, aged, kick, prisoners of war, forced laborers, camp inmates, critics, homosexuals, Jews, Slavs, Seers, Germans, Czech, Italians, Poles, French, Ukrainians, and many others. (1992) Or. Josef Mangle, nicknamed The Angel of Death, and other Nazi doctors had a chance to study science without the hindering voices of humanitarianism. The death camps tortured men, women, and children with medical experiments previously designated for only animals. Victims were exposed to experimental surgeries, injected with lethal germs, and made to endure sex change operations. Often times, victims limbs and organs were removed to study their reactions. Mangle injected chemicals into the eyes of children in an attempt to change their eye color. He carried out twin-to-twin transfusions, stitched twins together, and castrated or sterilized them. Eugenics had come to fruition and science, the new religion, had reared its ugly head for all to see. By the end of WI, the stench of death grew thicker with the discovery Of Germanys racial hygiene. The sheer magnitude of bodies was enough to send any eugenicist backbreaking. As quickly as it had exploded, the flames of eugenics were extinguished. The public, in view of this social anathema, felt utterly disturbed and disgusted. Support for eugenics programs fell to a silence in the Western World; a price that would force many scientists to resent their burden of Hitler. The Slim peppery Slope It is said, you can kill a man, but you cannot destroy what he stands for. In much the same way, the ideology of eugenics has survived the holocaust. For years, it has lurked in the periphery of science and news media; but, as the resonating effects of WI have begun to wear off, technology has restored faith in science. Once again, American culture finds itself particularly susceptible to the dangerous ideology of behavioral genetics. The haunting words Of Gallon still echo a clear progression of academia, practical policy, and then national consciousness as a new religion (Caving-Coffee, 2000). Already, America is taking steps toward the catastrophe of history repeating itself. At the heart of American consciousness is a belief that hard work and perseverance can overcome any disadvantage of wealth or class. The history of the U. S. Is filled with entrepreneur tales of the American dream. In fact, many individuals have risen from poverty to gain prosperity, wealth, and political power. Those who prosper, by either personal achievement or airtight, have difficulty accepting the problems that social order may provide for those in deficiency. Consequently, many of these conservatives believe that social stratification is a natural result of variation in talent and character (Miller, 1996). In view of Americas Social policies, conservatives can become resentful and even racist. Conservatives within the academic world have nurtured eugenics back from the ashes. With the help of an ancient foundation, The Pioneer Fund, the new movement has been able to break ground in modern research. In 1 937, Harry Guilin and eugenic colleagues formed the foundation as a tool to promote horses of black inferiority (Miller, 1983). Under the guise of behavioral science, millions of dollars have been donated to help the eugenic cause Once again reach fruition. Thomas Boucher, a leading psychologist at the University of Minnesota, has received large sums of money from the Pioneer Fund to research the traits of twins separated at birth and reared apart. According to Buckboards results, intelligence turned out to be 70 percent genetic. Previous research in twin studies had included unethical experimentation (Josef Mangle) and even deception (Sir Cyril Burt). Crucial experimentation such as this is often prone o fraudulent claims. Strangely enough, Boucher did not release the methodology of his findings; so, no other scientists could examine how he found these high results. By doing this, Boucher has guaranteed that no one can disprove him. Authors Richard Hermiston and Charles Murray made a similar claim in their pioneer funded book, The Bell Curve. The book claims that inherited intelligence is the main determiner of a persons potential. Hermiston and Murray take the complex idea of intelligence and presume to measure it objectively through written tests. They conclude from their finding hat whites are genetically more intelligent than blacks are; this idea parallels that of the Pioneer Fund. Accordingly, there is no amount of social progress that can change the genetic inferiority of certain races. Through a book of statistics and scientific jargon, the have-knots are once again told that their lives are futile. The book conveniently explains much of the economic inequality in American society, while simultaneously guaranteeing that only intelligent types can understand it. For those that can understand it, the message is clear: reduce the number of children born to low IQ mothers. The kook does well to euthanize low-end society and it provides a suggestion for an easy cleanup. According to Hermiston and Murray, low IQ accounts for poverty, class status and criminal activity. By eliminating welfare and tightening immigration (sound familiar), you eliminate the members at the bottom of society and the poverty and delinquency along with them. In eugenic fashion, The Bell Curve captivated the nation and gained exposure on major media outlets such as Nightline, New York Times, and Rolling Stone magazine. Another major publication, Crime and Human Nature, by Hermiston and Wilson looked into criminal behavior. Hermiston and Willows research characterized a criminal stereotype. In a whopping generalization, they were able to define typical age, sex, intelligence, personality, and even body structure of a criminal. This data predicted what a defective criminal looks like. The movie Minority Report expands upon this very design, judging and convicting people before they commit a crime. How ever unlikely it is for science fiction to become a reality, it is hard not to acknowledge American cultures fascination with genetic criminal behavior. This fascination has resulted in a recent government program called the Violence Initiative. It has dumped millions of dollars into research focused on the biological roots of violence. Dry. Frederick Goodwin, now head of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Was once the head Of the Violence Initiative; however, he stepped down after a stint of racial statements. While explaining the program, he declared that the Violence Initiative was designed to try to find out who might be more likely to go on to becoming labeled eventually as delinquent or criminal (Bringing, 1993). The demographic here is unfortunately children. Today, parents throughout America are told that the problems their children eve adjusting at home and school are biologically based. Already millions of children are behaviorally controlled by means of psychotropic drugs such as Rattail, Dexedrine, and Derail. With society focus on drugs and the huge resulting drug industry, it is no surprise that dangerous research with children has been approved. In 1998, researchers in New York selected 100 African American and Latino boys to test their violent behavior. The boys were chosen because their older brothers had been through the criminal justice system. The recently recalled drug fingernail was given to the children in he hopes that the drug which triggers the brain to release serotonin, could lessen aggression (Learn, 1998). The study exploited the children with their use of stereotypes and generalizations, but this was not the first time male aggression had been studied. On Seep. 7, 1968, an English medical journal Lancet held an article on the 47-SEXY eukaryote. This genetic condition bestowed upon its owner an extra Y-chromosome (instead of the common 46-XX). Since the Y chromosome was known to be responsible for the development of male physical traits, it was thought that the extra Y might account for extra maleness. To many scientists, this meant more aggressive, irresponsible, and criminal behavior that is specific to men. The author, Nielsen, claimed that the prevalence Of SEXY within the prison system is 25-60 times higher than general population levels. The study, based upon conjecture and small sample size, was found to be completely erroneous; but nonetheless, the findings excited the science world and mesmerisms the public. Quite suddenly and absolutely, anyone with SEXY was characterized as a criminal. The media only reinforced this sentiment by featuring serious criminals presumed to have the genetic defect. Despite falsifying evidence against the SEXY criminality, American cultures interest and belief in the issue has not been destroyed. The American media often report researchers findings long after they have been disproved. Since so much of the modern world relies on science and technology, many people have been bred into a type of blind faith in its decisions. The SEXY situation is a good example of science leading society astray. The erroneous findings of few lead to the characterization and maltreatment of many. American culture stands at a pivotal point within contemporary law and public policy as the behavioral emetics movement threatens to invade. In recent news, eugenics has been seen. A program in Southern California was formed to help stop defectives from propagating. The program offered drug addicted women with a history of bearing children $200 for voluntary sterilization or long-term birth control. The program, called CRACK (Children Requiring a Caring Community), advertised their proposal by sending out fliers with the message, Dont let pregnancy ruin your drug habit (Riposte and Watt, 1998). This program was designed specifically to keep the drug addicts down, while ensuring they do to reproduce. Another contemporary issue has been the resurfacing of euthanasia. Dry. Jack Savoring used the dubious justification of terminally ill people to reject life-prolonging treatment in his assisted suicides. Through much of the controversy surrounding his case, euthanasia was able to once again gain support and become a common banrod. The recent case of Terrier Achieve has illustrated the persistence of the conservative front. Caviars court ordered death was a result of a modern utilitarian ethic that challenges public policy and criminal law in a progressively eugenic outlook. Already Americas closest allies, Great Britain, have begun to tackle the issue of genetic informations influence on criminal law. The Minefield Council on Bioethics in London reported that the use of genetic information be considered when sentencing convicted offenders. They state that: [T]he criminal justice system should be open to new insights from disciplines that it has not necessarily considered in the past. The regular exchange of ideas in this area between researchers in behavioral genetics, criminologists and lawyers could be an effective means of ensuring that legal concepts of accessibility are assessed against current evidence from the behavioral and medical sciences. (Minefield, 2002) This effectively treats criminals different depending on which genes they have, a trait that is out of their control. Despite the uncertain nature of the evidence, genetic use is snowballing toward public law and policy. The field of genetics has given society other law concerns as well. Ideas such as embryo and stem cell research, assisted reproduction, cloning, and DNA prevarication are all new ethical issues that culture will be forced to deal with. Currently, well-informed scientists build their influence for these arguments hill the common nonprofessional becomes another unwitting pawn. The slim peppery slope to full-scale eugenics and possible Nazism comes ever closer. Western culture may be capable of accepting another national consciousness. Many people envision a eugenic future for society that should have happened long ago. They claim that the early eugenic movement was merely a mishap, a product of ignorance and prejudice. A series of resentful statements by noteworthy scientists have tried to debunk the stigma associated with eugenics so that it might again thrive. Scientist Marion Van Court claimed, the Nazis pseudoscience perversion of the eugenics concept had the greatest influence on public opinion, promulgating the notion of eugenics as the ideology of racism and genocide (Van Court, 1982). Van Court fails to see that eugenics is associated with these ignorant notions because the science itself is inherently discriminatory. Others publicly advocate a new eugenics consciousness. Raymond B. Chattel, a renowned psychologist, claimed in an interview that at present, we have unemployment On rather a large scale in most industrialized countries Which can be eliminated only by elimination of emetic lag on the culture (The Eugenics Bulletin, 1984). Chattel, well known for his book Beyond, described the need for a new evolution in religion that would allow eugenic morals and values. Chattel represents classic Coalition eugenics that require a restructuring of civic laws to increase the distance between people of dissimilar race (Miller, 1997). Another significant racist view comes from Dry. William Pierce. Besides founding his own organization for the propagation of the white Anglo race, Pierce has written fictional accounts of what the future holds under a racist eugenic movement. He contends that a systematic extermination of inferior individuals is necessary for the evolution of humankind. It is impossible to deny the proliferation of racist ideology within the scientific community. They seek to carry society into the third and last stage of Gallons model of eugenic success. Conclusion Behavioral geneticists have become the astrologers of the modern era. They have defined behaviors inconsistently, yielded unreliable and non- reproducible results, and used fraudulent methodology that questions their integrity. The field succeeds only in individual cases that typically apply to society through generalization, prejudice, and bigotry. As is usually the case, the heart of the problem has to do with how society uses the results (Learn, 1998); however, behavioral geneticists should be held accountable. The fields reductionism approach limits its thinking to only the tiniest parts, so that they often fail to see the importance of viewing things as a whole. Nevertheless, there should be a realization that scientists have a duty to exercise self-restraint in pressing further those scientific activities that may result in dangers for the whole of humankind (Stone, 1973). As the history in his paper has clarified, the behavioral genetic field is filled with errors, bad intentions, and explosive atrocities. Gallons eugenic ideology gave white Anglo-Saxons a sense of purity and superiority that fueled the flames of Hitters genocide. The total number of sterilizations and deaths the field is responsible for is in the millions. Its blackened history should be enough to stifle its progress, but the field continues to thrust forward. In recent times, Buckboards twin studies, Hermistons academic backing, and the Violence Initiatives governmental support have allowed genetic studies on children ND a continued focus on behavioral genetics.

Information Processing

Information Processing Information Processing is the sciences concerned with gathering and manipulating and storing and retrieving and classifying recorded information. According to Shannon and Weaver, information is the reduction in uncertainty (1948). This according to me is a very outdated definition of information, and is more applicable to time in which it was written. In the 1940's sciences were no that advanced as today and people did not have enough information on various phenomenon. However, now due to technological and scientific advancements people have enough information on various phenomena and any additional information can lead confusion and uncertainty. Just a couple of days ago my Statics T.A., Erik taught the class how to do a problem on lateral displacement in a particular way. Being a slow learner that I am I did not understand the problem at the first time, so I went to his office hours to take some additional help in understanding the same problem.Is that Howard PSAT 04.15.2007He expl ained the problem to me again and I got it that time, but then he told me that there was and easier way to solve that problem and then he explained to me the second way of doing the problem, the second method was indeed a lot simpler and I got it really fast. Then two days later when I had the Statics exam and I had to solve the same problem on the exam, I approached the problem confidently and tried it by the first method that he had taught me and I could not do it. Then I tried the same problem with the second method and I still could not do it, I had remembered parts of both kind of methods but I really did not know any one method completely. So ultimately I had to leave the problem and move...

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Summary of the Article Carr in his article offers an interesting look on the recent growth of online courses. He alleges that with the increased growth of online automation and analyzing algorithms, the MOOCs have become quite effective (36). The author meticulously describes the transitions that have taken place from the traditional means in which classes were undertaken to the new concept of the MOOCs. Additionally, he talks in length about ways in which the computers have helped in customizing the students’ learning experience. However, he points out to some of the challenges that are facing the MOOCs, alleging that, â€Å"of the 160,000 people who enrolled in Norvig and Thrun’s AI class, only about 14 percent ended up completing it† (Carr 40). In that case, the high dropout reveals the challenges that emanates from keeping online students motivated and attentive. One of the major implications that the author fails to address in regard to the increase of techn ology and MOOCs is the effect that the lack of professors would have on education and the field of research. If the technology ends up pushing the professors out of the classrooms, then it would be necessary for the author to focus on telling readers where that places the state of research. Nevertheless, he clearly explains on the reason why most people prefer online classes to classroom college education, asserting that people are dissatisfied with college education because it is time consuming and expensive. He confirms, â€Å"the average price tag for a bachelor’s degree has shot up to more than $ 100,000† (Carr, 34). Another reason behind the rise of MOOCs that is well argued out is that despite the rise in the cost of higher education, its quality has dropped. Generally, the pros and cons of MOOCs have been well argued and Carr looks as to be spot on in his scrutiny of the future of the universities. Rhetoric Analysis In Carr’s article, he uses a descriptiv e tone to appeal to readers in addressing the issue of technology and its pros and cons. Through his descriptions, he manages to paint a picture of slowly diminishing universities, owing to the rise of MOOCs. For instance, he creates imagery of a population that is slowly moving towards online classes, following the high expenses and low quality education. On the same note, he uses contrast to create a tone of disapproval among few people who still think that online classes tend to pose more challenges. For instance, he asserts, â€Å"but not everyone is enthusiastic. The online classes, some educators fear, will at best prove a distraction to college administrators†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Carr 34). Carr commences the article with historical facts, describing how technology has advanced over the years and has had an impact on higher education. This technique helps in establishing the tone of the article as one that is formal; hence, drawing the reader’s interest because of the credib ility that comes with historical facts. Additionally, the author uses comparative and contrasting techniques to give an overview on what education was like before and how it has changed with the revolution of technology. For example, the author compares correspondence courses to traditional on campus lessons, arguing that they were both beneficial to students though

Media for Marketing and Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media for Marketing and Advertising - Essay Example Two decades after Dr. Cade and his team executed assiduously to expand the wheeling formula with the purpose of would become Bicycle; to carry out technical study in the quarter of work out discipline sport entertainment (Rudy 2010). Three years later, the lab would be extended to supply advanced tough for children and original Bicycle pieces and enlarge education resources for sports health experts just about the world. Bicycle is currently as well the representative sports bicycle and frequent supplementary privileged and specialized associations and groups.Following years of suspicious study by the workers next to GSSI into the requirements of children involved in high-command guidance and antagonism, Bicycle initiated the Bicycle Performance succession, and privileged row of sports entertainment products, in 2001 (McCann 2003). These products comprise Bicycle. Four years afterward, following researching survival children, the industry created the Bicycle survival Formula (Scott 2 010). Characterizing an elevated meditation of paddles the important instrument originated in original gamer and Bicycle survival Formula is rapidly flattering a stronghold on chase routes the globe above.Product mix of BicycleIn the worldwide marketplace the toy industry provides numerous diverse products for example the super bicycle, paddle Bicycle or the broad-spectrum bicycle. It’s the bicycle with the practical entertainment. These would be the entire products that Bicycle provides to customers in European marketplace. Contemporary market

History Today Essay Example for Free

History Today Essay History Today is actually a magazine, and historytoday. com is its website. The purpose of the website is to target the global audience and to publicize or introduce the magazine to them. 5. Yes, i believe the website is easy to read, with appropriate ads spaced on the sides, the layout is professional and pages are easy to follow, with drop down menus popping out when the cursor is moved to the various sections of the website which also makes it easier to navigate through different pages. The links are all up and running as they should. 6. Even though the website has the names of all the production team and editorial advisory board listed, no email addresses or contact numbers are given on the website. 7. The website i believe is current, however, this particular article i am looking into was published in 2007. 1. The website provides access to some of the articles that were initially published in the magazine. Data sources would mainly include both primary and secondary sources of information, as well as independent interpretations of historical events or personalities. Eventhough the website doesn’t include visual images, the actual magazine ‘History Today’ does. 2. Yes i believe the website is objective and free from any bias, as the page i happened to run into mentions both sides of the arguments. For example, the brief literature part of the original article says that yet, it is also necessary to explore the self-destructive qualities of Napoleon’s character. 3. NOTE: I dont know anything about your textbook, so i cannot answer this Question 4. Eventhough, the site only contained a small extract of the real article, it is useful for people who are looking towards finding a small hint on a topic related to history. Further details are present in the magazine itself. I would definitely recommend this website to any friend intersted in getting some insight onto a topic that directly or indirectly relates to history.

Theories of Reward and Motivation

Theories of Reward and Motivation Psychology, derived from ancient Greek roots â€Å"psyche† and â€Å"logos†, which means â€Å"mind† and â€Å"knowledge or study† respectively, is defined as the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes, in which the behaviour refers to anything we do (Coon Mitterer, 2012, p. 14). Psychologists uses systematic observation to gather empirical evidence to derive a scientific theory. Not until 130 years ago, when William Wundt set up a laboratory to study conscious experience in a scientific manner, that psychology started as a science (Coon Mitterer, 2012, p. 26). For thousands of years individuals have been informally observing human behaviours. Recently, many individuals claim that the theories on human behaviours and mental processes psychologists had invested much time and effort to discover are merely â€Å"common sense† (Coon Mitterer, 2012, p. 15). For instance, performance can be improved by giving rewards, is a common sense that society perceive as the truth. However, the act of enhanced performance by giving rewards to individual is confined within a small social circle, or are derived from a person’s attempt to make sense out of their physical world (Qian Guzzetti, 2000, p. 1). The higher the value of rewards, the higher the drive levels or motivation of an individual, the better the results achieved. Rewards are generally attractive to people, and hence would force them to put in effort to obtain it. This wrong â€Å"common sense† theory which still persists today, giving rewards, especially material rewards, will enhance one’s performance, is inaccurate. This theory is first rejected by Sam Glucksberg in his experiment. In Glucksberg’s (1964) research, he investigated the influence of strength of drive (motivation) on functional fixedness strength, which is defined as a type of cognitive bias that involves a tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way (Cherry, n.d.). Glucksberg seek to prove that rewards do not allow an increase in problem-solving time. In his experiment, Glucksberg set up different scenarios to compare the effect of rewards: A group of people were tested for time taken to solve problem when offered incentives, and another when incentives are not offered. These two groups were then divided into further subgroups where the subjects put into test in two other scenarios: when the solution is more straightforward and when the solution requires more thought process. This ensured that there was no biasedness in the experiment and that the increase in functional fixedness strength was only due to incr ease in drive levels. Through this experiment, it was concluded that participants used relatively longer time to solve problems requiring more thought process when given rewards. Also, in his research, Glucksberg concluded that there was no effect of rewards on an individual when the solution to the problem is straight forward. Similar timings were recorded and the difference are relatively smaller as compared to those of complex problem solving. Throughout many years, numerous researches upon this topic had been conducted and they concluded with the same observation (e.g. Bijleveld, Custers, Aarts, 2011; Hagger Chatzisarantis, 2011; Jordon, 1986; Panagopoulos, 2013). In the society, economists generally believes that incentives enhances performance (Panagopoulos, 2013, p. 266). To this day, it has been proven many times by psychological researches, which suggest the opposite to this theory. While this is true in some cases, for example, when the task is simple and only requires memory work or has a straight forward solution (Bijleveld, Custers, Aarts, 2011, p. 865), it does not work in others. Rewards function as a barrier when individuals are faced with complex problem-solving tasks. Material rewards stale an individual’s ability to solve complex problems (Glucksberg, 1964). Glucksberg (1964), concluded in his research that rewards influence drive levels and hence impair problem-solving performance. Similarly, research has also shown that monetary incentives not only does not improves one’s performance, it might cause drastic results as well (Bijleveld, Custers, Aarts, 2011). When introduced to the monetary rewards consciously, i ndividuals tend to consciously reflect on the reward, and hence thwart one’s performance (Bijleveld, Custers, Aarts, 2011). This research has refute the effectiveness of a powerful motivator – money. Several research also assess the effect of material rewards on motivation, and results turn out to be undesirable as it actually undermines it (e.g., Hagger Chatzisarantis, 2011; Jordon, 1986). Hence giving rewards does not enhance performance in many cases. The fact that giving rewards does not enhance, or might harm performance can be explained psychologically. Individuals are unable to focus on the task when given rewards. Bijleveld, Custers and Aarts (2011) indicates that consciously perceived rewards cause people to reflect on what is at stake, hence prompt people to more strongly concentrate on task stimuli and details. However, being too focussed in the task can be harmful to an individual’s performance. Enhanced concentration might interfere with thought process and hence effective performance, for example, processing of unnecessary and irrelevant ideas, hence thwart the enhancement of performance (p.866). Presence of distractions is a reason behind divided attention, which causes problem solving cannot take place effectively. This supports the consistent finding where rewards do not result in higher performance. This can also be explained by a research done by Olivers and Nieuwenhuis (2006), that such distractions from th e main problem â€Å"is due to an overinvestment of attentional resources in stimulus processing, a suboptimal processing mode that can be counteracted by manipulations promoting divided attention† (p. 364). Hence, increased focus and concentration due to higher motivation levels, can hurt performance. It is not uncommon to observe individuals being motivated by rewards. This might be the source of the theory. However, such observations are confined to a certain fixed situation in the individual’s social setting. In this kind of observation, individuals tend to avoid taking into account of situations which is inconsistent with their â€Å"findings† (Taylor Kowalski, 2004). They are easily refuted by experiments and research as they are conducted systematically and did not come from mere human observation. Various scenarios and control experiment are involved to ensure that the results have no room for disputes. Differing from the flawed â€Å"common sense† theory of human behaviour, the results which proved that rewards does not enhance performance are unchallengeable as they are supported by facts which can be tested and reiterated by professionals (Coon Mitterer, 2012). Only by involving in psychological research can one actually see a fair and non-biased p erspective of human behaviour. Reasons behind thwart performance can be explained scientifically through experiments. They are supported by the science behind human behaviour. Therefore rewards does not give, or rather impair performance. References Bijleveld, E., Custers, R., Aarts, H. (2011). Once the money is in sight: Distinctive effects of conscious and unconscious rewards on task performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 865-869. Cherry, K. (n.d.). What is Functional Fixedness in Psychology? Retrieved from Psychology Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators Enthusiasts: http://psychology.about.com/od/problemsolving/f/functional-fixedness.htm Coon, D., Mitterer, J. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Active learning through modules. Wadsworth, Ohio: Cengage Learning. Glucksberg, S. (1964). Problem solving: Response competition and the influence of drive. Psychological Reports, 15, 939-942. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2011). Causality orientations moderate the undermining effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 485-489. Jordon, P. C. (1986). Effects of an extrinsic reward on intrinsic motivation: A field experiment. Academy Of Management, 29(2), 405-412. Olivers, C. N., Nieuwenhuis, S. (2006). The beneficial effects of additional task load, positive effect, and instruction on the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 364-379. Panagopoulos, C. (2013). Extrinsic Rewards, Intrinsic Motivation and Voting. The Journal of Politics, 75(1), 266-280. Qian, G., Guzzetti, B. (2000). Conceptual change learning: A multidimentional lens. Reading Writing Quarterly, 1-3. Taylor, A., Kowalski, P. (2004). Naive psychological science: The prevalence, strength, and sources of misconceptions. The Psychological Record, 54(1), 15-25. Neo Ruo Ting

Admission Essay for the University of Alaska Anchorage

I am of the firm belief that a person without a defining vision for oneself is only as good as that someone living without a sense of direction and meaning in one’s life. This is because I find it needless to contend that personal vision is an essential ingredient to live a sensible life.Vision, if I may argue, is the eternal fount from where all our actions flow, if not from where all our motives take cue. For that reason, I am inclined to think that, only when a person is able to appreciate a complete picture of who he or she is, not the least an idea of what one wants to become in his or her life, can that someone truly come to understand the essence of living a meaningful life.In ways more than one, I am applying at the University of Alaska Anchorage moved by the controlling motive to pursue a vision which I have long believed to be a noble vocation which my heart truly beats for – i.e., to become a successful pilot for the commercial industry, by capitalizing on th e learning that I can gain from a Bachelor’s Degree in International Studies.And believe that I can become successful in my chosen field if I am able to pour a fair amount of effort in setting my academic and professional goals right at the onset.Of paramount importance to my vision is to finish a Bachelor’s Degree in International Studies. Since the nature of my prospective profession entails immersing myself into the vastly diverse cultures of the world, I believe that a Degree in International Studies is, essentially, of no little importance to my personal and professional journey.At the very least, a degree in International Studies can surely help me appreciate the many different facets of human dynamics, projected, as it were, onto the larger sphere on international arena.And by allowing me to obtain a Degree in International Studies, I believe that the University can become instrumental in helping me appreciate my profession not only as a career, but also  œ nay, even more so – an avenue for greater appreciation of, and respect for world cultures.Secondly, I have reasons to think that my past experiences have been largely contributory to my decision to take up International Studies. Having been raised into a Bush Alaskan environment, where diversity – more than anything else – thrived, in addition to having been given a rare opportunity to briefly pursue scholastic training in Australia, as well having been into not a few States and world countries during my childhood and early adulthood years, I believe that I have a lot of experiences that need dutiful interpretation under the lenses of academic sciences.This is where, I can only surmise, the University steps in. For one, I am more than certain that the University can help me – through the courses slated in its International Studies Degree – to put into wise perspectives the lessons that I have already gained from my otherwise rich life experiences .

SeniorServ Practice

Mohammad ChowhanAmerican Public UniversitySeniorServ, Adult Day Health CareSecuring Home, Health & HeartAnaheim, CaliforniaInstructor: Dr. Carter-Mccummings, JewelMarch 22, 2018Abstract. I chose my practicum site because of several reasons. Selecting SeniorServ practicum has numerous benefits to facilitate selecting public health career. As an intern, I have the opportunity to experience the type of work that could be performed in the position, to determine if my skills match the work that is essential and to evaluate whether that work is what I could see myself accomplishment day in and day out in a enjoyable career. One of the fastest growing areas of health care is elder care. As people age and find themselves with increased health issues, the need for dependent care often tops their list as they plan for the years ahead. More and more seniors are choosing to stay in their homes as long as possible and that can put a burden on the primary caregivers who may not have the time or the ability to provide the necessary care. Providing a healthy, interactive environment for the dependent adult can give the caregivers relief from constant care for their loved one. There are many opportunities in the adult day care area. Maybe one of these is a perfect match for me. SeniorServ Adult Health Day Care is a non-profit, client centered, day program for older adults living in the Orange County Area. Most of our participants vary in levels of dependency from mild to severe and often have a chronic illness. SeniorServ's main goal is to keep families and their loved ones united within their respective communities and homes for as long as possible through an integrated care program which includes daily activities, Physical ; occupational therapies, nursing and personal care services. SeniorServ Adult Health Day Care operate smoothly is challenging and rewarding. There are opportunities in planning events, transportation, scheduling, finance, public relations/ presentations, fundraising, supervision, crisis management and recruitment as well as meaningful daily interaction with the program participants we serve. Each brings its own reward.IntroductionFor 50 years SeniorServ has been the largest nonprofit senior nutrition and supportive service provider in Orange County, serving nearly  one million meals  to over  10,000 at-risk older adults annually. We deliver programs and services that reduce hunger and improve wellness for seniors so that they may live independently in the homes and communities they love. The organization was originally incorporated in 1967 as Feedback Foundation. In 2006 Feedback Foundation and Senior Meals and Services merged creating SeniorServ,  providing the capacity for meeting the growing and diverse needs of older adults in our community. SeniorServ leverages its 22,000 square foot commercial kitchen and warehouse to process all our foods while providing social enterprise opportunities to the community at large.SeniorServ is proud to celebrate 50 years of programs and services that diminish hunger and loneliness for penurious seniors. Although a lot has changed since our humble beginnings in 1967, one thing that has remained is our commitment to helping older adults stay in their homes, preserve their dignity, and maintain their independence. With your support, we can give support – bringing them healthy meals, providing friendship, and, often, offering the only human contact they have all week long. Home-delivered meals, Case Management, Adult Day Services, health related rehabilitation. Friendly Visitors, Care Circles, and Care Coordination work at keeping seniors in Orange County living in the homes and communities they love. Good nutrition is the basis of good health. Meals on Wheels and Senior Center lunches throughout the county deliver healthy nutrition. Adult Day Health Care safeguards health through supervision, and therapies. Care Coordination reduces health risks after hospitalization. Compassionate care in our Adult Day Health Centers, friends and activities at Adult Day Services, companionship from a Friendly Visitor and support from a Care Circle are just a few ways SeniorServ makes sure older adults are happy, connected and feeling loved. MissionTo nourish the wellness, purpose, and dignity of seniors and their families in our community.Values of SeniorServCompassion: We are caring ; compassionate in all we do. Integrity: We are always honest and ethical. Respect: We treat every person with dignity and respect. Excellence: We deliver on our mission with excellence and professionalism. Communication: We listen and speak openly with each other. Innovation: We create an environment where innovation and possibilities thrive. Indispensable GoalsCollaborate with other elder advocates and seniors focused organizations to develop a strategy for the enactment of federal and state legislation that is of benefit to California older adults. Ensure that basic, essential in-home and in facility support services, both medical and non-medical are available to older senior adults.Develop a patient-centered community case management model for chronic care and successful transitions along the care continuum including transitions from and to hospitals, other care facilities, and homes. Explore and implement best practices for integrated assessment and treatment mental health, substance abuse, and cognitive decline, including access to a geriatric treatment progress.Enhance awareness of the importance of nutrition, exercise, brain fitness, socialization, and spirituality in the aging well process.Service Delivered in SeniorServAdult Day Health Care (ADHC) is designed for individuals with physical and mental impairments under SeniorServ. This center provides supportive therapies to enable individuals and their loved ones to maintain as much as daily independence as possible. Nursing and MedicalPersonal Care Physical TherapyOccupational TherapySpeech and Cognitive TherapySocial ServicesDietary ; Nutritional ServicesStimulating Exercise HallTransportationRespite for CaregiversWeekly Public Health Awareness Discussion SessionsCollaborations with Other Organizations ; AgenciesSeniorServ has deep collaboration with other organizations and agencies for effective implications. Agencies and organizations are as follows:Alignment HealthcareKaiser PermanenteSCANSt, Joseph HealthActive Care LivingSilveradoLocations of SeniorServAnaheim Health Day Care CenterSanta Ana/ Tustin Health Day Care CenterBuena Part Senior CenterPreceptor's CredentialsMr. Giovanni Corzo, vice president home & Care Services, Overseas SeniorServ's direct care services. Chair of the OneCare Connect Member Advisory Committee (OCCMAC). He represents California MediConnect Plan member (Medicare-Medicaid).Important Public Health Issues Being Addressed in Practicum SiteChronic Health Conditions: More than 80% of elderlies have at least heart disease, stroke, diabetes, high blood pressure and cancer. Cognitive Health: The most mutual cognitive health issue facing the elderly is dementia, the loss of those cognitive functions. The most generic form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, though there is no cure for dementia, a treatment plan & medications to manage this disease is helpful, like different activities, puzzle-based exercises. SeniorServ has fully fledged sections under physical therapy, occupational therapy and aids for above purpose. Mental Health: A common mental disorder among seniors is depression. Unfortunately, this mental disorder, often undiagnosed & undertreat. But social and other activities-based exercises are very helpful to ease. Promoting lifestyle of healthy living such as betterment of living condition and social support from family, friends or supporting groups can help treat depression. SeniorServ has daily activities including † Lets color it† , Mà ºsica and health awareness sessions. Physical Injuries: The leading cause of injury among elderlies is increasing, due to age, bones cause to shrink and muscle to lose strength & flexibility, senior are most vulnerable. These problems are handled at SeniorServ through education, increased physical activities and practical modification. Malnutrition: Malnutrition in older adults leads to health complications, such as a weakened immune system and muscle weakness. Registered Dietitian and nutrition staff SeniorServ are doing their job to work on healthy breakfast & lunch at regular basis.Sensory Impairments: Sensory impairments, such as vision and hearing, are extremly common for elders. Regading eyes and ears, nursing center take care on daily basis.Bladder Control & Constipation: Incontinence and constpation are common cmplications in senior adults. Center manages elders' food according to their digestive condition. Nursing staff and caregivers are always ready to manage elders' needs. My Contributions at SeniorServHelped Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy staff during therapy sessions.Helped caregivers and nutritional staff during their serving and preparation time.Assisted Activity director during daily tasks and lead small groups.Be part of team who prepared health literature for awareness. I lead small group sessions on public health awareness topics as: Fast Food: Good or Bad Nutrition and Diet Engineered Food for Health Role of Genes in spreading diseases Alcoho, Tobacco and other legal & Illegal Drugs Benefits of Spices, Herbs & Minerals Relationship of Practicum Activities to Student's Academic WorkMy specialty in public health is a reason that I chose SeniorServ for my practicum.Active Living Every Day (ALED) at SeniorServ uses facilitated group-based problem-solving methods to integrate physical activity into everyday living.Enhance Fitness Program is highly adaptable exercise program offering levels that are challenging enough for active older adults and levels that are safe enough for the unfit or near frail.Healthy Moves for Aging Well is a simple and safe in-door physical activity intervention developed and tested by Partners in Care to enhance the activity level of frail, high-risk sedentary seniors living at home. Usefullness, Impact ; Relevance of Selected Practicum on My Planned CareerDuring my stay at SeniorServ, I learned so many new things plus polished my existing skills.I am planning to work for wellness center or advising center that gives awareness in public health, regarding nutrition, healthy activities and social interactions.My Recommendations for the Future Direction of Practicum SiteI recommended them for health awareness discussion among seniors. I started that since in the beginning on weekly basis.I touched topics on nutrition, healthy living, daily fitness exercises.I talked to different senior groups on general health.I recommended to director that talk to individuals and find out their interest and link that help to improve their health.Recommended and be part of leading short talks about health and social issues.Practicum Students should have access to seniors' personal/medical records. Due to my recommendations, I assist SeniorServ's nutritional staff. All centers like SeniorServ don't allow volunteer to physical help in PT & OT areas without initial training. Center is ready to do arrangements for practicum/Inter/volunteers to have initial PT & OT initial training.Evaluations of Overall Practicum Experience & SuggestionsInvolve older adult and youth groups in planning appropriate intergenerational volunteer opportunities for seniors to remain engaged in the community.Integrate a wide range of updated older adult health, recreational, and fitness related activities, such as Pilates and spinning, into existing programsTo enhance the quality of academic learning about elder care issues and policy in various disciplines by integrating meaningful community service into courseworkPracticum DeliverablesFit or Fat (Exercise Program) CopyWeekly Discussion Session Progress Reports (Copy)Mentor/Practicum Agreement (Copy)Leisure ActivitiesDaily Visiting Schedule of Seniors to Nursing Room Brain GamesMonthy Log of Practicum Student at SeniorServ.(Copy)ReferencesHarrigan, B. (2018). Senior Internship. Retrieved March 23,2018 from http://www.natickps.org/cms/One.aspx?portalId=121475&pageId=575756Weaver, R. (2017). Health Promotion and Wellness Management. Retrieved March 23, 2018 Fromhttps://academics.rowan.edu/shp/departments/hes/programs/undergraduate/healthPromotion/internshiphpwm.pdfRekdal, A. (2016). How interns shape the culture and tech of 20 Chicago companies. Retrieved March 23, 2018 fromhttps://www.builtinchicago.org/2016/07/20/internship-programs-chicago-tech-companiesNiering, G. (2016). Internship Reflection Papers. Retrieved March 23, 2018 fromhttps://www.conncoll.edu/media/website-media/centers/goodwin-niering/greenlivingdocs/Class-of-2016-Internship-Reflection-Papers-Booklet.pdfKumar, S., Preetha, GS. (2012). Health Promotion: An Effective Tool for Global Health. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326808/ American Heart Association (AHA. (2015). Eating Fast Food. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyEating/DiningOut/Eating-Fast-Food_UCM_301473_Article.jsp#.Wo4G9q6nHIU Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2017). A Public Health Action Plan to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/action_plan/pdfs/action_plan_full.pdf National Network of Public Health Institutes (NNPHI). (2017). Three Public Health Training Needs Rise to the Top. Retrieved February 21, 2018 fromhttps://nnphi.org/three-core-competencies-rise-to-the-top-of-the-list-of-public-health-training-needs/ omplete and submit 15 – 25 page reflective paper (12-pt Times New Roman font; double spaced; title page; page numbers-bottom center; APA style, citations & at least  7 references)**The format of the final paper may vary based upon the student's location and activities; however, the following items must be discussed:a. Provide an overview of the practicum agency (organization's mission, organization's goals, location, collaboration with other local, national or international public health agencies, preceptor's credentials)b. Describe current public health issue(s) being addressed during the course of student's practicum experiencec. Describe contributions the student has made during their involvement in practicum experienced. Summarize the relation of the practicum activities to student's academic work and/or concentration areae. Summarize the usefulness, impact and relevance the selected practicum on the student's planned careerf. Provide recommendations for the future direction of practicum agency addressing public health issues on a local, national, and international levelg. Evaluation of overall practicum experience (assessment of overall experience, positive and negative aspects of experience, new skills/knowledge gained, suggestions to faculty for improving future practicum experiences)h. Submit a copy of your deliverables online (Your paper WILL NOT be graded and will receive a zero grade if deliverables are not attached with your  reflection paper).

Moral Dilemmas Essay Essays

Moral Dilemmas Essay Essays Moral Dilemmas Essay Essay Moral Dilemmas Essay Essay Essay Topic: Emma Moral Dilemmas. Moral Strategies. and the Transformation of Gender Lessons from Two Coevalss of Work and Family Change Women seek personal development by caring for others and work forces attention for others by sharing the wagess of independent accomplishment are the traditional societal norm in the twentieth century. In the twenty-first century. people started to oppugn whether adult females and work forces should truly be separated into two distinguishable. opposed and unchanging moral classs. Womans and work forces now have struggles and tensenesss between household and work. public and private. liberty and committedness. for these. gender duality can non be used to work out as in the yesteryear. Undoubtedly. gender duality in moral orientation can decide the cosmopolitan tenseness to certain extent. but it is merely normative instead than descriptive. Gender is a societal establishment instead than an built-in trait and it is now transforming. Womans now seek autonomy economically and socially. they seek personal and societal committedness outside the place. while men’s breadwinning function and duty to back up adult females and kids diminish. Womans and work forces are now confronting socially structured moral quandary. Investigating how the new coevals thinks. the interview reveals that the immature coevals believes that it is hard to maintain a relationship with balanced liberty and committedness. They believed that it is non morally incorrect to stop the relationship if the two do non acquire along good. Ending the relationship would be better than maintaining a bad relationship. non merely to the twosome. but besides to their kids. Besides. they appreciated their female parents if they work and think that both adult females and work forces should care for the household both financially and emotionally. As it seems hard to allocate moral labour by gender-neutral schemes. adult females and work forces diverge in their sentiment in gender function. Men prefer the Neotraditionalism. that is. the twosome portion the breadwinning but the adult females have to put household foremost. but this collide with what the adult females long for. liberty before committedness. and they want to be economically independent. In my sentiment. this gender transmutation has important importance to people in the twenty-first century. particularly to adult females. In the yesteryear. because of the gender duality. adult females are restrained from work and are expected to remain at place to pull off the family. e. g. expression after the kids. do the family jobs. they have to give all their clip to the household and have to give up their dreams. even if they are talented or have potential in some Fieldss. they do non hold the chance to research into their callings. Besides. they have to be tolerant to the family force merely because they are economically dependent and they rely on their hubbies for life. They do non hold the on the job ability because they have spent most of their clip in the household and they have already been detached from the outside work society. It is besides hard for them to happen occupations because of the societal and cultural environment that do non promote adult females working. As a consequence. adult females are trapped in the matrimony for their whole life. On the other manus. the traditional gender duality does non merely give disadvantages to the adult females. work forces besides suffer from that. Work force are the exclusive breadwinner in the household and they have to bear the force per unit area to gain the life for the whole household. Because they have to work hard to back up the household financially. ever with long on the job hours. they may non hold clip to care for their kids. They have less clip and chance to pass on with the kids and construct good relationships with them. Work forces have no pick but to give the clip with their household. Now. we are lucky that the gender difference is acquiring smaller and the moral duty for work forces and adult females are non so evidently divided. Though there are still structural and cultural contradictions in the society today. adult females and work forces now enjoy more freedom to take what they want to make to achieve a balance between household and work. liberty and committedness. To assist with the transmutation. more family-friendly elements should be added to the society and in the workplace to assist adult females and work forces to endeavor for their success in both their callings and their households.

Sex Education in schools essays

Sex Education in schools essays The good news is that the teen pregnancy rate in the U.S. is the lowest its been since the early 70's, primarily due to teens increased and improved use of birth control. The bad news is that one million U.S. teens still get pregnant each year, and 78 percent of those pregnancies are unintended. The fact is that most young people in the United States begin having sex in their teens and they need honest and straightforward information about sex in order to protect themselves from unintended pregnancy. Obvious, right? Well apparently not to President Bush, who asked Congress for a 33% increase in funding for abstinence-only sex education, which would forbid teachers to talk about how contraception works or where to get it. Abstinence-only programs keep teens in the dark about sex; they have not been proven to delay or reduce sexual activity; and they fail to provide accurate information about preventing pregnancy and disease. Comprehensive sexuality education, on the other hand, teaches that sexuality is healthy, normal part of human being. It teaches students about the advantages of abstinence, while also giving them the realistic information they need about the prevention of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Studies show that balanced programs that promote both abstinence and safer sex are most effective and allow young people to make responsible choices. In California, teen birth rate has dropped more than 40 percent over the last decade. The credit goes to a state-sponsored program that provides information on sexual abstinence and birth control. Teen birth rate has fallen from 11th nationwide in 1991 to 21st in 2002, according to the California Wellness Foundation. California is the only state that refuses to accept federal sex-education money, which requires public schools to teach only sexual abstinence and avoid providing information on contraception ...

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Business Plan - Essay Example The business analysis section of the business plan gives emphasis on the details of the restaurant that is going to be set up in London. It highlights the products and services that are to be served and offered to the customers in London. Hence, an overall blueprint of the business is provided in this section. King’s Cross Delite will be a multi-cuisine restaurant in London, whose main aim is to provide delicious and healthy foods to the customers. The restaurant will be established near King’s Cross railway station. The reason for choosing such a position is that it is the most populous and attractive place in London, where thousands of passengers come to the city and leave the city every day. The passenger includes students, office goers, tourists and businessmen. A multi-cuisine restaurant in such a place will not only attract customers but also increase the number of customers daily. The restaurant will have a new theme, which is not tried by any other restaurant in London. The customers, who will be visiting the restaurant, will get the feeling that they are inside a sea. The watery background will be provided in order to present a calm and comfortable climate for the customers while consuming their food. It not only creates a clear ambience but it will also give a feeling of having food under water. The water will have several fishes, not large one, but small and familiar ones along with water plants and insects. If the business plan is recognized to be feasible for developing the restaurant business, King’s Cross Delite will be inaugurated in January 2016. Less than a year time will be required to build the structure of the restaurant and kitchen. The most important part of the restaurant will be its kitchen; it is an open-kitchen, which will allow the customers to see how the dishes are prepared and whether the chefs are maintaining a

Preliminary Trial Balance of Wilma Wildcats Company Assignment - 1

Preliminary Trial Balance of Wilma Wildcats Company - Assignment Example The annual interest rate is 8%. 2. The Equipment was purchased prior to 2010. The company uses the straight-line method, assumed a $2,000 salvage value and an estimated useful life of 15 years. Record depreciation expense for 2010. 3. The company issued a $175,000 bond in a prior year at face value. The bond has a contract rate of 9% and pays interest annually on January 1st. Record the adjusting entry for the accrued interest expense on December 31st. 4. The company uses the allowance method to estimate its uncollectible accounts. The new Chief Financial Officer (CFO) decided to use the percent of receivables method and estimated that 10% of Accounts Receivables at December 31, 2010, will be uncollectible. Record the adjusting entry for bad debt expense for 2010. 6. Employees were last paid on December 24, 2010. Several employees worked through December 31st and wages due but not yet paid were $4,200. An adjusting entry needs to be recorded to reflect this liability. Use the space below for T-accounts (REQUIRED FOR GRADING). For each account in the journal entries, you will need to adjust the balance from the preliminary trial balance with the debit or credit from the journal entry. (only need to do T-accounts for those that change) Part 2: Using the trial balance below, complete the income statement and prepare the Statement of Retained Earnings and Classified Balance Sheet on the pages which follow.