Postponing Motherhood Essay -- Pregnancy Birth Children Short Stories

Postponing MotherhoodAs a senior in a small high school in Connecticut, Jane Swanson* was attending weekly volleyball game team practices, planning for college, studying for tests, and spending time with her friends and her boyfriend. She was a typical teenager until, at 17, she learned that she was pregnant.Stunned by the news and unsure of what to do, she talk to her friends about her options. She was especially surprised because she was using condoms and practicing safe sex. Sadly, half of the 1.3 million women having miscarriages each year used some form of contraception when they became pregnant.She quickly realised that with her friends being teens themselves, they couldnt give the best advice, and decided to call the nearest Planned Parenthood in Connecticut.Planned Parenthood is one of the best-known resources for abortion services. About to celebrate is 75th year, it is well known for promoting sexual and reproductive health through clinical services, education and advocac y.Caring professionals provide a good range of services in our modern facilities. Our clients know they can trust us to provide assuredial and comprehensive health care at a reasonable cost, wrote Dianne Luby, President and CEO of the Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts, in her public address published on the clinics web site.Swanson spoke to a receptionist who communicate her of the different types of abortions, medical and surgical, and also urged her to come into the office as soon as possible. She added, however, that that particular clinic did not perform abortions and she would have to travel a crucial distance, to Hartford, for the procedure.The National Abortion Federation, through its 350 member clinics and... ...ake the decision to abort, said Brown. They fear being cut off from their families, their education being interrupted, their finances, that their boyfriends would leave them. Theyve already make up their minds. A branch of A Womans Concern includes Heal thy Choices, a five-day program in middle schools and high schools aimed at educating unfledged people on unhealthy behaviors, misconceptions in the media, and lesson in skill building, designed to teach the students that they have a voice.Healthy Start has visited eleven or 12 different schools in and around the Boston area so far this year, and has received a positive response.Two years after having an abortion, Swanson, is still confident that she made the right decision.There is no shame in getting pregnant, or getting help, Swanson said. Looking back, I only wish I had told my mother.

Personal Narrative - Finding Truth in Prayer :: Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Finding Truth in PrayerGlory, matinee idol stared me in the face. A man, my savior stood at the curtain. Are you planning to pray? he inquired. I blinked twice, Um... yes?Praying isnt my thing, but I figured When in Vatican City...I stepped past the man and into Enlightenment. Behind the curtain a room heavy with relics awaited. People stood, sat in the corners heads down and men clasped the room was immobile. Satan himself could non stir a soul.I took my place in the pew furthest from the front in a dark corner. Mindlessly I closed my eyes, hands and tilted my head. Ask God for triple things my stepmother whispered in my ear. I opened my eyes.The room was remarkably bright. Angels flew above my head. How could I have never spy before? And the altar before me rang with a holy, resonant sound. And this sound, this deep hum filled my learning ability, almost deafening any insecurities that I could ever find. This projection left me feeling whole, left me feeli ng safe and secure.I was ready, I closed my eyes. Just like Robert Frosts Mending Wall. It occurred to me that when you wall something out (God), youre also walling something in (the very glimmer that one day Id have faith). I chose to break down that wall.But what to ask for? present I am in what has to be one of the holiest places I will ever encounter and Im gearing to pray. I dont pray. What do I want?Truth. I heard myself whisper. Yes, the word flowed right out of me. An eternal flame had been lit, and I felt remarkably warm. I could not contain myself, I continued to whisper I want to find the truth. Any and all truth, and somehow find its beauty. Sure it wasnt exactly three things that I had asked from him, but I figured if I put this one on hold, hed be sure to listen another day.Bombarded, my mind filled with a million thoughts and ideas. I felt like I could see through any problem solely because Im meant to. I knew what I wanted - the mere idea swallowed me. There is trut h, and a faith that will liberate me. And my job, my mission is find its beauty. To chisel away the inconsistencies and fallacies of vivification until Im left with nothing polished or refined, only the raw truth.

The Use of Religion in Paintings during the Counter-Reformation :: Religious Art Artwork Catholic

Symbolism The Way to Get Your Point AcrossBaroque Dominant style in western European art and computer architecture from late 16thC entury to mid- 18thC entury. Started in Rome, with the reassertion of Roman Catholicism in the Counter- renewal. and then spread to northern Italy and other parts of Europe as defined by a website containing nothing but art terms, is the time period that I chose to analyze how religion was used through paintings as ammunition for the Counter-Reformation. The Counter Reformation was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself in the midst of the Protestant Reformation.I am in awe at how we bed look at something for just a short period of time and, in most cases, we can understand what is going on, or something hits us grave us what is meant to be seen or interpreted in a certain scenario. This process is called thin-slicing, as Malcolm Gladwell coined a phrase in his book Blink. In a very dark and some-what eerie paintingwith the only form of light in the middlethat depicts a battle that has just been fought, the first thing that comes to consciousness is the thought of war and death. This painting can be found in the Lowe Art Museum at the University of Miami in the Renaissance and Baroque section. It is un- reveald and was painted by Giovanni Andrea Donducci, who was normally known as Mastelleta, somewhere between 1611 and 1612. The historical time periods that do incorporate these two concepts prior to 1611 are endless. The fact that there is, what seems to be, a gymnastic horse in the middle of the painting pointing to a city that is illuminated wearing plate and armor, it is deduced that this could be the Crusades. Upon further research, I have come to the conclusion that this ensure is most likely depicting the Crusades due to the illuminated city, and the red flags, uniforms, and ornate pole arms, since the main colors were red and white. The Crusades were a series of wars in the name of God and Christ endom, fought between Christians and Muslims, to claim the Kingdom of Heaven, also known as Jerusalem. The main symbol that is drawn out of these wars is God and Christ. The city that is illuminated in this painting could be Jerusalem and the people on mountain pointing towards the city could be the Christians fighting to reach the city and try to conquer it.

Homosexual Desire in Shakespeares Sonnet 20 and Byrons To Thyrza Essa

Homo versed Desire in Shakespeares Sonnet 20 and Byrons To Thyrza Crompton states in his epilogue ...diverse sexual lifestyles still arouse match even when they threaten no direct harm to others. In this particular matter, our culture faces business unfinished by the Enlightenment (381). Examining Byron and Shakespeares poetry, opens a window to the frequent sexual attitude of late eighteenth and early nineteenth century and defines more clearly the intent of these poets. A sexual metamorphosis involving the realization of homophile desires and nonconventional erotic preferences occurs in both Lord Byrons To Thyrza and William Shakespeares Sonnet 20, but the poets, known for the gender ambiguity in their prose and personal relationships, differ greatly in their portrayal of homosexuality and the effect that homosexuality had on both themselves and their poetry. Byrons homosexual temperament contrasted sharply to the orthodox attitudes shared by his society. Byrons bisexual repu tation troubled his adolescence, as homosexuals faced hostile public opinion during the early 1800s. Portraying the illegality and barbaric acts that homosexuals committed, newspapers of the day referred to gays as monsters whose rarity matched their enormity (Crompton 164). Secular England in like manner condemned homosexuals for their neglect of women (164) however, Byrons good looks and glamour as a poet attracted women, and he was not unresponsive to his popularity. Intense feelings of desire and affection towards men colors Byrons early life. A precocious child, Byron was an heir to the family title at age eight. A peer at age ten, his emotional and sexual life seemed to have developed correspondingly early. Seduced at... ...peare displayed affection for a Master mistress, also a male, but sublimates the desire due to disapproval of his own homosexual urges and fear of public mockery and exile from society. Unlike Byron, Shakespeares homosexual affair, fictitious or genuine , does not seem to involve a physical relationship but rather an emotional tie between two men. The existence of homosexual desires is clearly demonstrated in Shakespeares Sonnet 20 and Byrons To Thyrza. However, these poets environment dictated the sexual metamorphosis that enabled them to maintain their sexual ambiguity and protect their anonymity in their respective works. These poems provide a framework to serve the duality that reflected this era in British society conservation of a nations preferred orthodox sexual identity, and the reality of its authors heretical erotic feelings.

Essay on the Transformation of Hester in Scarlet Letter -- Scarlet Let

The Transformation of Hester Prynne in The orange red Letter   Hester Prynne committed a crime so severe that it changed her life into coils of oath and defeat.  In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester is publicly recognized as an adulteress and expelled from society.  Alongside the theme of isolation, the scarlet letter, or type of intrude, is meant to shame Hester but kinda transforms her from a woman of ordinary living into a stronger person.               The purpose of the scarlet letter is not fulfilled according to the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne.  It was frame in upon Hesters bosom to rent her unholiness but instead the punishment served as a way for Hester to grow stronger.  The townspeople were the first to see first design of Hester.  She was looked down on since the stigmatization of the letter A upon her bosom.  She was a figure of perfect elegance compared to the P uritan women of brief beauty (Hawthorne pg. 55, 57).  Right from the start, Hester appears to be variant from those around her, suggesting a refractory attitude to the traditions and customs of the time where church and state were still considered to be the central government at the time.  She was different from others referable to her nature of her being.  Hester wasnt same(p) all other women.  If another woman were to be branded an adulteress, that woman would beat probably try to keep her sin away from the townspeople and everlastingly keep their peace.  Hester on the other hand, had the bravery and boldness in her that did not frighten her to show off what she did wrong.  She may have had the intention that... ...tunate.                The human center Hester exerts shows how she did not care what the Puritans thought and acted.  Her sin is also an example of her independence Hester acted on her feelings and didnt allow the Puritans views to interfere with her emotions.               Hester has changed throughout The Scarlet Letter.  She was pushed into a world of isolation because she did not fear acting on her passion.  Hester transforms from a free-thinking woman to a strong, able woman.  The suffering Hester endured strengthened her and sour her into a person who helped another in need.  The meaning of the scarlet letter shifts as Hesters ability to endure the switch as plight increases.   establish on the Transformation of Hester in Scarlet Letter -- Scarlet LetThe Transformation of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter   Hester Prynne committed a crime so severe that it changed her life into coils of torment and defeat.  In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester is publicly recognized as an adulteress and expelled from society.  Alongside the theme of isolation, the scarlet letter, or symbol of sin, is meant to shame Hester but instead transforms her from a woman of ordinary living into a stronger person.               The purpose of the scarlet letter is not fulfilled according to the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne.  It was put upon Hesters bosom to claim her unholiness but instead the punishment served as a way for Hester to grow stronger.  The townspeople were the first to see first introduction of Hester.  She was looked down on since the branding of the letter A upon her bosom.  She was a figure of perfect elegance compared to the Puritan women of brief beauty (Hawthorne pg. 55, 57).  Right from the start, Hester appears to be different from those around her, suggesting a rebellious attitude to the traditions and customs of the time where church and state were still considered to be the central government at the time.  She was different fro m others due to her nature of her being.  Hester wasnt like all other women.  If another woman were to be branded an adulteress, that woman would have probably try to keep her sin away from the townspeople and forever keep their peace.  Hester on the other hand, had the bravery and boldness in her that did not frighten her to show off what she did wrong.  She may have had the intention that... ...tunate.                The human tenderness Hester exerts shows how she did not care what the Puritans thought and acted.  Her sin is also an example of her independence Hester acted on her feelings and didnt allow the Puritans views to interfere with her emotions.               Hester has changed throughout The Scarlet Letter.  She was pushed into a world of isolation because she did not fear acting on her passion.  Hester transforms from a free-think ing woman to a strong, ABLE woman.  The suffering Hester endured strengthened her and turned her into a person who helped another in need.  The meaning of the scarlet letter shifts as Hesters ability to endure the worst as plight increases.  

Essay on the Transformation of Hester in Scarlet Letter -- Scarlet Let

The Transformation of Hester Prynne in The red Letter   Hester Prynne committed a crime so severe that it changed her life into coils of reproof and defeat.  In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester is publicly recognized as an adulteress and expelled from society.  Alongside the theme of closing off, the scarlet letter, or symbol of sin, is meant to shame Hester but rather transforms her from a woman of mean(a) living into a stronger person.               The purpose of the scarlet letter is not fulfilled according to the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne.  It was put upon Hesters bosom to affirm her unholiness but instead the punishment served as a way for Hester to grow stronger.  The townspeople were the first to see first introduction of Hester.  She was looked down on since the brand of the letter A upon her bosom.  She was a figure of perfect elegance compared to the Puritan women of brief beauty (Hawthorne pg. 55, 57).  Right from the start, Hester appears to be different from those around her, suggesting a disaffected attitude to the traditions and customs of the meter where church and state were still considered to be the central government at the time.  She was different from separates due to her nature of her being.  Hester wasnt alike(p) all other women.  If some other woman were to be branded an adulteress, that woman would have probably try to keep her sin away from the townspeople and constantly keep their peace.  Hester on the other hand, had the bravery and boldness in her that did not frighten her to show off what she did wrong.  She may have had the intention that... ...tunate.                The human esteem Hester exerts shows how she did not care what the Puritans model and acted.  Her sin is also an example of her independence Hester acted on her fee lings and didnt allow the Puritans views to interfere with her emotions.               Hester has changed throughout The Scarlet Letter.  She was pushed into a world of isolation because she did not fear acting on her passion.  Hester transforms from a free-thinking woman to a strong, ABLE woman.  The suffering Hester endured strengthened her and glum her into a person who helped another(prenominal) in need.  The meaning of the scarlet letter shifts as Hesters ability to endure the worst as plight increases.   Essay on the Transformation of Hester in Scarlet Letter -- Scarlet LetThe Transformation of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter   Hester Prynne committed a crime so severe that it changed her life into coils of torment and defeat.  In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester is publicly recognized as an adulteress and expelled from society.  Alongside the theme o f isolation, the scarlet letter, or symbol of sin, is meant to shame Hester but instead transforms her from a woman of ordinary living into a stronger person.               The purpose of the scarlet letter is not fulfilled according to the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne.  It was put upon Hesters bosom to claim her unholiness but instead the punishment served as a way for Hester to grow stronger.  The townspeople were the first to see first introduction of Hester.  She was looked down on since the branding of the letter A upon her bosom.  She was a figure of perfect elegance compared to the Puritan women of brief beauty (Hawthorne pg. 55, 57).  Right from the start, Hester appears to be different from those around her, suggesting a rebellious attitude to the traditions and customs of the time where church and state were still considered to be the central government at the time.  She was different from other s due to her nature of her being.  Hester wasnt like all other women.  If another woman were to be branded an adulteress, that woman would have probably try to keep her sin away from the townspeople and forever keep their peace.  Hester on the other hand, had the bravery and boldness in her that did not frighten her to show off what she did wrong.  She may have had the intention that... ...tunate.                The human tenderness Hester exerts shows how she did not care what the Puritans thought and acted.  Her sin is also an example of her independence Hester acted on her feelings and didnt allow the Puritans views to interfere with her emotions.               Hester has changed throughout The Scarlet Letter.  She was pushed into a world of isolation because she did not fear acting on her passion.  Hester transforms from a free-thinking wom an to a strong, ABLE woman.  The suffering Hester endured strengthened her and turned her into a person who helped another in need.  The meaning of the scarlet letter shifts as Hesters ability to endure the worst as plight increases.  

Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment Essay

What are Madagascars biomes? Discuss the major features of at least one of these biomes. Use the textbook for biome examples. Madagascar is a equatorial rainforest, rain forest savanna and grasslands.The rain forest receives 120 inches of rain at least a yr. It has very wet and dense vegetation indoors the trees. Anywhere from 70 plus percent of animal life lives in the trees. It is filled with lakes, river, swamps and a wide variety of different terrain. There is an overabundance of jet plane plant life that strives on the heavy rains received each year.The forest floor is full of nutrients which the large tree strive on giving the fireopy effects and which houses so much plant and animal life.2. What changes happening in Madagascar are posing challenges for lemurs? Give details about the sources, season scale, and types of change.All the time the environment is changing by people moving in and getting more populated. As people come into a new area they whitethorn alter a Lem urs normal route or main food supply in the area by cutting down a reliable tree such as bamboo.3. Which types of lemurs are suiting to the changes? Which types of lemurs are not adapting well? Why?The less vulnerable lemurs are good at adapting to a thirdhand environment with people. The vulnerable or endangered lemurs are having hard time moving and settling into a new food source or habitat which is causing them to goextinct faster. Ringtail lemurs can adapt and defiantly go to multiple environments.4. What behavioral and physical traits are being favored in lemurs in the changing Madagascar environment?People are studying lemurs to find out if you can teach other lemurs certain straight so that can adapt to a new type of environment. Such as eating habitats and what they eat. How the move and migrate from place to place.5. Why might lemurs not evolve to adapt to the changes in Madagascar?They may not never adapt due to the invariable changes in the environment nonstop. Some lemurs can adapt with evolution over hundreds of year but with humans within a few years they can destroy an entire habitat along with food sources within a year. The constant changes always leave the lemurs on their toes. Constantly roaming from one place to another6. Which biogeochemical cycles may be altered by anthropogenic activities on Madagascar, and how?Many things may be altered such as the soils and living organisms by people moving into the new areas in such a rapid rate. What toll does this narrow on the environments such as global warming and pollutants in that areas now? What do the changes in the smaller spectrum of things do to the overall climate?ReferenceLemurs in Madagascar Surviving on an Island of Change. Films Media Group, 2006. Films On Demand.

Three Significant Reasons Why I Love Outdoor Activity

Donghyun Lee (20110108) Prof. Lisa Lee English 2 (Sec. 60) October 4. 2012 Three Significant Reasons Why I Love Outdoor employment There are many kinds of out-of-door activities. Outdoor natural process gives many mental or physical advantages to people. Therefore, many people love outdoor activity for various reasons regardless of its characteristic. For example, some deal outdoor activity because of his or her own satisfaction. In addition, otherwises do outdoor activity because it helps them to improve their health.However, the reason why I love field activity is on account of three important changes in my body being refreshed, being short of breath, being thirsty(p). The outset change which field activity creates is being refreshed. When I have trouble in studying or working, I have a splitting headache. It feels like being struck on the head by a hammer. At that time, I go outside and do simple outdoor activities like base on balls or skipping. Then, I feel the fresh air flowing through my veins ,and I am recharged.For example, when I was a high school student, I usually did a simple ball game when I was tired of studying. Therefore, being revived is the first change of my body which makes me do clear activity. The second map of variety that field activity makes for me is being short of breath. There is no doubt that being short of breath is a very tiring smelling to anyone. I feel that exhausting feeling as well. However, though it is painful, I feel alive when I am scant of breath.For instance, when I do crop which needs sustaining power like a marathon, I become so excited and aggressive since I think I am exceeding the terminus ad quem of my physical strength. Thus, being scant of breath is another motivating power that makes me enjoy an outdoor activity. Finally, the last significant body change that motivates me to do open-air activity is being thirsty. The reason why being thirsty can be the cause of doing field activity is because crap ulence water after outdoor activity gives me happiness which cannot be described.For example, I become the happiest person in the world and feel as if I can fly while drinking water after doing a field activity. A cup of water after feeling raging thirst cannot be exchanged with any other delicious foods. As a result, thirst can be the body change which let me do outdoor activity. I become invigorated, short of breath, and thirsty by outdoor activity regardless of its feature. These body changes are the motivating power of making me do outdoor activity since the changes end up self-aggrandising a positive feeling to me. What are the factors which make you do outdoor activity?

Inflation Is Assumed

Inflation is assumed Chapter 1 True / False Questions 1. Inflation is assumed to be a momentary problem that does non affect m 1tary determinations. turned 2. Financial heavy(p) is composed of semipermanent plant and equipment, as well as other palpable investments. mistaken 3. Real Capital is composed of long-term plant and equipment. authentic 4. During the 1930s, financial practice revolved around such(prenominal) topics as the preservation of bully, caution of liquidity, reorganization of financially troubled heaps and bankruptcy. professedly 5. In the mid 1950s, finance began to change to a more analytical, decision-oriented approach.TRUE 6. Recently, the emphasis of financial concern has been on the human relationship between chance and indemnity. TRUE 7. The most normal partnership arrangement carries limited liability to the partners. FALSE 8. In terms of revenues and lollys, the flock is by far-off the most important coordinate of business organization in the fall in States. TRUE 9. Dividends paid to unified transmith oldishers have already been taxed once as inembodiedd income. TRUE 10. One advantage of the corporate form of organization is that income received by fallholders is not taxable since the corpo symmetryn already paid taxes on the income distributed.FALSE 11. A corporation must have more than 75 rootageholders to qualify for Subchapter S designation. FALSE 12. Profits of a Subchapter S corporation be taxed at corporate tax pass judgment. FALSE 13. Corporate goernance issues have become slight important to the financial community during the first decade of the in the raw millennium. FALSE 14. commission Theory examines the relationship between companies and their customers. FALSE 15. A major(ip) focus of the Sarbanes Oxley Act is to make sure that publicly traded companies accurately present their pluss, liabilities and income in their financial avowals.TRUE 16. The Sarbanes Oxley Act is primarily intended to attach public scrutiny of private companies that had previously been exempt from many public disclosure requirements. FALSE 17. Timing is not a particularly important consideration in financial decisions. FALSE 18. Maximizing the earnings of the unwavering is the coating of financial management. FALSE 19. Insider trading involves the hold of information not purchasable to the general public to make sugars from trading in a companys stock. TRUE 20.Financial grocery stores exist as a bulky global ne dickensrk of individuals and financial institutions that may be lenders, borrowers, or owners of public companies worldwide. TRUE 21. Money commercializes refer to those markets dealing with short-term securities having a life of one year or less. TRUE 22. Money markets refer to markets where excess corporate immediate payment is exchanged for overseas currencies that sens earn a higher return than domestic money. FALSE 23. Capital markets refer to those markets dealing with short-term securities having a life of one year or less. FALSE 24. The primary market includes the trade of securities by way of initial public creviceings.TRUE 25. High quality initial public offerings ar usually sold in a primary market, such as the New York Stock deepen. However, low-quality stocks must usually be sold in secondary markets, such as NASDAQ. FALSE 26. Although NASDAQ is a secondary market, well-nigh of the firms traded there, such as Microsoft, be elephantine enough to move to the primary market if they so desire. FALSE 27. The secondary market characteristically has had stable impairments over the past 20 years. FALSE 28. In the United States, stocks sold on either the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ argon considered sold in the primary market.FALSE 29. New issues are sold in the secondary market. FALSE 30. Existing securities are traded in the secondary market. TRUE 31. Many companies have cross-listed their stock on multiple international stock exchan ges and more than several hundred foreign companies have listed their partake ins on the New York Stock Exchange. TRUE 32. Financial management requires both short-term activities as well as long-term planning such as raising funds. TRUE Multiple Choice Questions 33. What is the primary goal of financial management? A. Increased earnings B. Maximizing gold break away C. Maximizing divvy upowner wealthD. Minimizing risk of the firm 34. In the past, the study of finance has include A. mergers and acquisitions. B. raising capital. C. bankruptcy. D. all of these. 35. Professor Merton Miller received the Nobel prize in economics for his work on A. dividend policy. B. investment theory. C. working capital management. D. capital coordinate theory. 36. Professors Harry Markowitz and William Sharpe received their Nobel prize in economics for their contributions to the A. options pricing model. B. theories of working capital management. C. theories of risk-return and portfolio theory. D . heories of international capital budgeting. 37. Proper risk-return management means that A. the firm should consider as few risks as possible. B. the firm must determine an appropriate trade-off between risk and return. C. the firm should earn the highest return possible. D. the firm should assess future(a) dineros more highly than incumbent profits. 38. One of the major disadvantages of a sole proprietorship is A. that there is unlimited liability to the owner. B. the simplicity of decision making. C. low organizational damages. D. low operating costs. 39. One of the major advantages of a sole proprietorship is A. hat the owner has limited liability. B. that stock in the proprietorship can be easily transferred. C. that it is exempt from many tax rules that would otherwise apply when employees are hired by the firm. D. low operating costs. 40. The partnership form of an organization A. avoids the double taxation of earnings and dividends found in the corporate form of orga nization. B. usually provides limited liability to the partners. C. has unlimited life. D. simplifies decision making. 41. A corporation is A. owned by stockholders who enjoy the privilege of limited liability. B. easily divisible between owners.C. a separate legal entity with perpetual life. D. all of these. 42. With a Subchapter S corporation A. income is taxed as direct income to stockholders. B. stockholders have the same liability as members of a partnership. C. the number of stockholders is unlimited. D. life of the corporation is limited. 43. A Subchapter S corporation A. is sympathetic to a partnership in that is carries unlimited liability. B. is a separate legal entity which is treated like a normal corporation. C. has all the organizational benefits of a corporation and its income is only taxed once. D. all of these. 44.Corporate political science is the A. relationship and exercise of oversight by the board of directors of the company. B. relationship between the chief financial officer and institutional investors. C. subr bug outine of a company by the chief executive officer (CEO) and other senior executives on the management team. D. governance of the company by the board of directors with a focus on social responsibility. 45. Many companies such as Tyco, Enron, and WorldCom that suffered financial distress in the late 1990s and early 2000s, A. committed fraud. B. had failed corporate governance oversight. C. went bankrupt. D. ll of these are true. 46. Agency theory examines the relationship between the A. shareholders of the firm and the firms investment banker. B. owners of the firm and the managers of the firm. C. board of directors and large institutional investors. D. shareholders and the firms transfer agent. 47. Agency theory would think of that conflicts are more likely to occur between management and shareholders when A. the company is owned and operated by the same person. B. management acts in the best interests of maximizing sha reholder wealth. C. the chairman of the board is also the chief executive officer (CEO). D. he board of directors exerts fast(a) and involved oversight of management. 48. Agency problems are least likely to arise in which organizational form? A. sole proprietorship B. limited partnership C. corporation D. subchapter S corporation 49. Institutional investors are important in todays business world because A. as large investors they have more say in how businesses are managed. B. they have a fiduciary responsibility to the workers and investors that they represent to gull that the firms they own are managed in an ethical way. C. as a group they can vote large blocks of stock for the election of board members.D. all of these. 50. The change magnitude pctage ownership of public corporations by institutional investors has A. had no depression on corporate management. B. created higher returns for the stock market in general. C. created more pressing on public companies to manage thei r firms more efficiently. D. taken away the voice of the individual investor. 51. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in an effort to A. protect small business from large corporations dominating the market. B. ensure that partnerships divide profits among partners in a fair manner. C. guarantee outside auditors can control corporate distinguishing practices.D. control despoil corporate behavior. 52. Maximization of shareholder wealth is a concept in which A. increased earnings is of primary importance. B. profits are maximized on a quarterly basis. C. virtually all earnings are paid as dividends to vulgar stockholders. D. optimally increasing the long-term abide by of the firm is emphasized. 53. Which of the sideline is not a true narration about the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth? A. It takes into level the timing of currency in-flows. B. It is a short-run point of view which takes risk into account. C. It considers risk as a factor. D. no(prenominal) of these. 54.I nsider trading occurs when A. someone has information not available to the public which they use to profit from trading in stocks. B. corporate officers demoralize stock in their company. C. lawyers, investment bankers, and others buy common stock in companies represented by their firms. D. any stock transactions occur in impact of the Federal Trade Commissions restrictions on monopolies. 55. The major difficulty in most insider-trading cases has been A. that lenient judges have simply released the guilty individuals. B. that insider trading, even though illegal, very serves a beneficial economic and financial heading.C. that inside trades have not been legally well defined. D. inside trades actually have a beneficial effect on the wealth of all stockholders. 56. Money markets would include which of the next securities? A. common stock and corporate bonds. B. treasury bills and commercial paper. C. certificates of deposit and best-loved stock. D. all of these. 57. Capital marke ts do not include which of the following securities A. common stock B. commercial paper C. government bonds D. preferred stock 58. When a corporation uses the financial markets to rig out new funds, the sale of securities is made in the A. rimary market. B. secondary market. C. on-line market. D. third market. 59. Corporate restructuring has been one result of more institutional ownership. Restructuring can cause A. changes in the assets and liabilities of the firm. B. the sale of low-profit margin divisions. C. the removal of current management and/or large reductions in the workforce. D. all of these. 60. The internationalization of the financial markets has A. allowed firms such as McDonalds to raise capital around the world. B. raised the cost of capital. C. forced companies to price everything in U. S. clams. D. all of these. Chapter 2True / False Questions 61. The income statement is the major device for measuring the profitability of a firm over a period of time. TRUE 62. T he income statement measures the increase in the assets of a firm over a period of time. FALSE 63. Operating profit is essentially a measure of how efficient management is in generating revenues and controlling depreciates. TRUE 64. Accounting income is base on verifiably completed transactions. TRUE 65. The P/E ratio is strongly related to the past performance of the firm. FALSE 66. When a firm has a sharp drop off in earnings, its P/E ratio may be artificially high. TRUE 67.The real care for of a firm is the same from an economic and accounting perspective. FALSE 68. A eternal rest sheet represents the assets, liabilities, and owners equity of a company at a given point in time. TRUE 69. The investments account represents a commitment of funds of at least one year or more. TRUE 70. Asset accounts are listed in order of their liquidity. TRUE 71. Accumulated depreciation shows up in the income statement. FALSE 72. Total assets of a firm are financed with liabilities and stockhol ders equity. TRUE 73. Book value per share and market value per share are usually the same dollar amount. FALSE 74.Book value per share is of greater concern to the financial manager than market value per share. FALSE 75. Book value is equal to net worth. TRUE 76. Equity is a measure of the monetary contributions that have been made directly or indirectly on behalf of the owners of the company. TRUE 77. Stockholders equity is equal to liabilities plus assets. FALSE 78. Retained earnings shown on the remnant sheet represents available cash on hand generated from prior years earnings but not paid out in dividends. FALSE 79. Retained earnings represent the firms cumulative earnings since inception, minus dividends and other preparements.TRUE 80. The statement of cash flows helps measure how the changes in a balance sheet were financed between two time periods. TRUE 81. Cash flow is equal to earnings in the first place taxes minus depreciation. FALSE 82. An increase in an asset repre sents a line of funds. FALSE 83. Assume that two companies both have Net Income of $100,000. The firm with the highest depreciation write down go away have the highest cash flow, presumptuous all other adjustments are equal. TRUE 84. An increase in inventory represents a rise of funds. FALSE 85. An increase in a liability account represents a source of funds on the cash flow statement.TRUE 86. An increase in accounts receivable represents a reduction in cash flows from operations. TRUE 87. An increase in accounts payable represents a reduction in cash flows from operations. FALSE 88. The purchase of a new factory would skip the cash flows from investing activities on the statement of cash flows. TRUE 89. The sale of corporate bonds held by the firm as a long-term investment would increase cash flows from investing activities on the statement of cash flows. TRUE 90. Paying dividends to common shareholders will not affect cash flows from financing activities. FALSE 91.The sale of a firms securities is a source of funds, whereas the payment of dividends is a use of funds. TRUE 92. derogation is an accounting entry and does not involve a cash write down. TRUE 93. vindicate cash flow is equal to cash flow from operating activities minus necessary capital expenditures and normal dividend payments. TRUE 94. An increase in accounts receivable results in a cash inflow on the statement of cash flows. FALSE 95. A decrease in bonds payable results in a cash outflow on the statement of cash flows. TRUE 96. An increase in accrued get downs results in a cash outflow on the statement of cash flows.FALSE Multiple Choice Questions 97. Which of the following is not one of the three basic financial statements? A. Income Statement B. Statement of Retained hire C. Statement of Cash Flows D. Balance Sheet 98. Which of the following is not subtracted out in arriving at operating income? A. interest set down B. cost of earnests sold C. depreciation D. exchange and adminis trative get down 99. Increasing interest write down will have what effect on EBIT? A. increase it B. decrease it C. no effect D. not enough information to tell 100. The residual income of the firm kick the buckets to A. accreditors. B. preferred stockholders.C. common stockholders. D. bondholders. 101. Allen Lumber Company had earnings later taxes of $580,000 in the year 2006 with 400,000 shares great on December 31, 2006. On January 1, 2007, the firm issued 35,000 new shares. Because of the proceeds from these new shares and other operating improvements, 2007 earnings after taxes were 25 percent higher than in 2006. wage per share for the year-end 2007 was A. $1. 67 B. $1. 45 C. $1. 81 D. None of these 102. Consider the following information for Ball Corp. pic What is the Operating Profit for Ball Corp? A. $71,450 B. $90,000 C. 120,000 D. None of these 103. Candy Company had sales of $240,000 and cost of goods sold of $108,000. What is the taxation profit margin (ratio of g ross profit to sales)? A. 75% B. 55% C. 73. 3% D. None of these 104. Density Farms, Inc. had sales of $500,000, cost of goods sold of $180,000, selling and administrative expense of $70,000, and operating profit of $90,000. What was the value of depreciation expense? A. $170,000 B. $230,000 C. Less than $170,000 D. None of these 105. Elgin Battery Manufacturers had sales of $900,000 in 2006 and their cost of goods sold represented 65 percent of sales.Selling and administrative expenses were 9 percent of sales. Depreciation expense was $10,000 and interest expense for the year was $8,000. The firms tax rate is 30 percent. What is the dollar amount of taxes paid? A. $151,200 B. $145,800 C. to a greater extent than $151,800 D. None of these 106. A firm with earnings per share of $5 and a price-earnings ratio of 15 will have a stock price of A. $20. 00 B. $75. 00 C. $3. 00 D. the market assigns a stock price independent of EPS and the P/E ratio. 107. Earnings per share is A. operating p rofit divided by number of shares outstanding. B. et income divided by number of shares outstanding. C. net income divided by stockholders equity. D. net income minus preferred dividends divided by number of shares outstanding. 108. Reinvested funds from well-kept earnings theoretically belong to A. bond holders. B. common stockholders. C. employees. D. all of these. 109. The firms price-earnings (P/E) ratio is influenced by its A. capital structure. B. earnings volatility. C. sales, profit margins, and earnings. D. all of these. 110. Which of the following factors do not influence the firms P/E ratio A. past earnings. B. shares outstanding.C. volatility in performance. D. none of these. 111. Which of the following would not be assort as a current asset? A. Marketable securities B. Investments C. postpaid expenses D. Inventory 112. An item which may be converted to cash within one year or one operating cycle of the firm is classified as a A. current liability. B. long-term asset. C. current asset. D. long-term liability. 113. Which of the following would not be included in the balance sheet investment account? A. stocks of other corporations B. long term government bonds C. marketable securities D. investments in other corporations 14. Which of the following is not a primary source of capital to the firm? A. assets B. common stock C. preferred stock D. bonds 115. The major limitation of financial statements is A. in their complexity. B. in their wish of comparability. C. in their use of historical cost accounting. D. in their lack of detail. 116. Net worth is equal to stockholders equity A. plus dividends. B. minus preferred stock. C. plus preferred stock. D. minus liabilities. 117. Book value is the same as A. stockholders equity. B. placed assets minus long-term debt. C. net worth. D. current assets minus current debt. 118.Total stockholders equity consists of A. preferred stock and common stock. B. common stock and retained earnings. C. common stock and capital paid in excess of par. D. preferred stock, common stock, capital paid in excess of par and retained earnings. 119. The net worth of a firm A. is usually the same as the firms market value. B. is based on current asset costs. C. is based on current liabilities. D. none of these. 120. The orientation of entertain value per share is __________, while the orientation of market value per share is ___________. A. short term, long term B. future, historical C. historical, future D. ong term, short term 121. A statement of cash flows allows a financial analyst to determine A. whether a cash dividend is affordable. B. how increases in asset accounts have been financed. C. whether long-term assets are being financed with long-term or short-term financing. D. all of these. 122. A firms purchase of plant and equipment would be considered a A. use of cash for financing activities. B. use of cash for operating activities. C. source of cash for investment activities. D. use of cash for i nvestment activities. 123. Depreciation is a source of cash inflow because A. it is a tax-deductible non-cash expense.B. it supplies cash for future asset purchases. C. it is a tax-deductible cash expense. D. it is a taxable expense. 124. Depreciation tends to A. increase cash flow and decrease income. B. decrease cash flow and increase income. C. affect only cash flow. D. affect only income. 125. Given the following, what is free cash flow? pic A. $115,000. B. $235,000. C. $185,000. D. $165,000. 126. Assuming a tax rate of 35%, depreciation expenses of $400,000 will A. reduce income by $140,000. B. reduce taxes by $140,000. C. reduce taxes by $400,000. D. have no effect on income or taxes, since depreciation is not a cash expense. 27. Assuming a tax rate of 30%, the after-tax cost of interest expense of $200,000 is A. $60,000 B. $140,000 C. $200,000 D. $120,000 128. Assuming a tax rate of 40%, the after-tax cost of a $200,000 dividend payment is A. $200,000 B. $70,000 C. $130,000 D . none of these. 129. Farah Snack Co. has earnings after taxes of $128,750. lodge in expense for the year was $20,000 preferred dividends paid were $18,750 and common dividends paid were $30,000. Taxes were $15,000. The firm has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Earnings per share on the common stock was A. $0. 90 B. $1. 10 C. $0. 5 D. $0. 80 130. Gerry Co. has a gross profit of $880,000 and $360,000 in depreciation expense. Selling and administrative expense is $120,000. Given that the tax rate is 40 percent, compute the cash flow for Gerry Co. A. $456,000 B. $240,000 C. $600,000 D. None of these 131. Hoover Inc. has current assets of $360,000 and fixed assets of $640,000. Current liabilities are $90,000 and long-term liabilities are $160,000. in that location is $90,000 in preferred stock outstanding and the firm has issued 10,000 shares of common stock. Compute have got value (net worth) per share A. $84. 00 B. $66. 00 C. $75. 00D. None of these 132. The best indicat ion of the practicable efficiency of management is A. net income. B. earnings per share. C. earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). D. gross profit. 133. A corporation can increase their earnings per share by A. increasing tax-deductible expenses B. increasing Treasury stock C. decreasing depreciation D. decreasing retained earnings From End of the Chapter 2 Problems 5. Given the following information, prepare, in good form, an income statement for Goodman Software, Inc. Selling and administrative expense$ 50,000 Depreciation expense80,000 gross revenue400,000Interest expense30,000 hail of goods sold150,000 Taxes18,550 2-5. Solution Goodman Software, Inc. Sales$ 400,000 Cost of goods sold 150,000 Gross Profit250,000 Selling and administrative expense50,000 Depreciation expense 80,000 Operating profit120,000 Interest expense 30,000 Earnings before taxes90,000 Taxes 18,550 Earnings after taxes$ 71,450 6. Given the following information prepare in good form an income statement for the Kid Rock and Gravel Company. Selling and administrative expense$ 60,000 Depreciation expense70,000 Sales470,000 Interest expense40,000 Cost of goods sold140,000Taxes45,000 2-6. Solution Kid Rock and Gravel Co. Income Statement Sales$ 470,000 Cost of goods sold$ 140,000 Gross profit$ 330,000 Selling and administrative expense$ 60,000 Depreciation expense$ 70,000 Operating profit$ 200,000 Interest expense$ 40,000 Earnings before taxes$ 160,000 Taxes$ 45,000 Earnings after taxes$ 115,000 7. Prepare in good form an income statement for Virginia Slim Wear. Take your calculations all the way to computing earnings per share. Sales$600,000 Shares outstanding100,000 Cost of goods sold200,000 Interest expense30,000 Selling and administrative expense40,000Depreciation expense20,000 preferent stock dividends80,000 Taxes100,000 2-7. Solution Virginia Slim Wear Income Statement Sales$600,000 Cost of goods sold 200,000 Gross profit400,000 Selling and administrative expense40,000 Depreciation expense 20,000 Operating profit340,000 Interest expense 30,000 Earnings before taxes310,000 Taxes 100,000 Earnings after taxes210,000 Preferred stock dividends80,000 Earnings available to common stockholders130,000 Shares outstanding100,000 Earnings per share$ 1. 30 8. Prepare in good form an income statement for Franklin Kite Co. , Inc.Take your calculations all the way to computing earnings per share. Sales$900,000 Shares outstanding50,000 Cost of goods sold400,000 Interest expense40,000 Selling and administrative expense60,000 Depreciation expense20,000 Preferred stock dividends80,000 Taxes50,000 2-8. Solution Franklin Kite Company Income Statement Sales$900,000 Cost of goods sold400,000 Gross profit500,000 Selling and administrative expense60,000 Depreciation expense20,000 Operating profit$420,000 Interest expense40,000 Earnings before taxes$380,000 Taxes50,000 Earnings after taxes$330,000 Preferred stock dividends80,000Earnings available to common stockholders250,000 Shares ou tstanding50,000 Earnings per share$5. 00 9. Lasar Technology, Inc. , had sales of $500,000, cost of goods sold of $180,000, selling and administrative expense of $70,000, and operating profit of $90,000. What was the value of depreciation expense? Set this problem up as a partial derivative income statement, and determine depreciation expenses as the plug figure. 2-9. Solution Lasar Technology, Inc. Sales$500,000 Cost of goods sold $180,000 Gross Profit$320,000 Selling and administrative expense70,000 Depreciation Expense (plug figure) 160,000Operating profit$ 90,000 10. The Ace Book Company sold 1,500 finance textbooks for $185 each to High Tuition University in 2008. These books cost Ace $145 to produce. Ace spent $10,000 (selling expense) to coax the university to buy its books. In addition, Ace borrowed $80,000 on January 1, 2008, on which the company paid 10 percent interest. Both interest and principal of the loan were paid on December 31, 2008. Aces tax rate is 25 percent. Depreciation expense for the year was $15,000. Did Ace Book Company make a profit in 2008? Please verify with an income statement presented in good form. -10. Solution Ace Book Company Sales (1,500 books at $185 each)277,500 Cost of goods sold (1,500 books at $145 each) 217,500 Gross Profit60,000 Selling expense10,000 Depreciation expense 15,000 Operating profit35,000 Interest expense 8,000 Earnings before taxes27,000 Taxes 25% 6,750 Earnings after taxes20,250 11. Carr political machine Wholesalers had sales of $900,000 in 2004 and their cost of goods sold represented 65 percent of sales. Selling and administrative expenses were 9 percent of sales. Depreciation expense was $10,000 and interest expense for the year was $8,000.Thefirms tax rate is 30 percent. a. Compute earnings after taxes. b. Assume the firm hires Ms. Hood, an efficiency expert, as a consultant. She suggests that by increasing selling and administrative expenses to 12 percent of sales, sales can be increased to $1 ,000,000. The extra sales effort will also reduce cost of goods sold to 60 percent of sales (there will be a larger markup in prices as a result of more self-assertive selling). Depreciation expense will dwell at $10,000. However, more automobiles will have to be carried in inventory to satisfy customers, and interest expense will go up to $15,000.The firms tax rate will remain at 30 percent. Compute revised earnings after taxes based on Ms. Hoods suggestions for Carr Auto Wholesalers. Will her ideas increase or decrease profitability? 2-11. Solution Carr Auto Wholesalers Income Statement a. Sales$ 900,000 Cost of goods old (65% of sales) 585,000 Gross Profit$ 315,000 Selling and administrative expense (9% of sales) 81,000 Depreciation 10,000 Operating profit 224,000 Interest expense 8,000 Earnings before taxes 216,000 Taxes 30% 64,800 Earnings after taxes $ 151,200 2-11. (Continued) b. Sales $1,000,000Cost of goods sold (60% of sales) 600,000 Gross profit 400,000 Selling and adm inistrative expense (12% of sales) 120,000 Depreciation 10,000 Operating profit 270,000 Interest expense 15,000 Earnings before taxes 255,000 Taxes 30% 76,500 Earnings after taxes$ 178,500 Ms. Hoods ideas will increase profits. 15. Elite garget Parks has an operating profit or $200,000. Interest expense for the year was $10,000 preferred dividends paid were $18,750 and common dividends paid were $30,000. The tax was $61,250. The firm has 20,000 shares of common stock outstanding. . Calculate the earnings per share and the common dividends per share for Elite Trailer Parks. b. What was the increase in retained earnings for the year? 2-15. Solution Elite Trailor Parks a. Operating profit (EBIT)$200,000 Interest expense 10,000 Earnings before taxes (EBT)$190,000 Taxes 61,250 Earnings after taxes (EAT)$128,750 Preferred dividends 18,750 Available to common stockholders$110,000 viridity dividends 30,000 Increase in retained earnings$80,000 pic Dividends per Share = $30,000/20,000 shar es = $1. 50 per share b. Increase in retained earnings = $80,000 16.Johnson Alarm Systems had $800,000 of retained earnings on December 31, 2008. The company paid common dividends of $60,000 in 2008 and had retained earnings of $640,000 on December 31, 2007. How oftentimes did Johnson earn during 2008, and what would earnings per share be if 50,000 shares of common stock were outstanding? 2-16. Solution Johnson Alarm Systems Retained earnings, December 31, 2008$800,000 Less Retained earnings, December 31, 2007 640,000 depart in retained earnings$160,000 Add Common stock dividends 60,000 Earnings available to common stockholders$220,000 Earnings per share pic 17.Mozart Music Co. had earnings after taxes of $560,000 in 2008 with 200,000 shares of stock outstanding. The stock price was $58. 80. In 2009, earnings after taxes increased to $650,000 with the same 200,000 shares outstanding. The stock price was $78. 00 a. Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 2008. The P/E rati o equals the stock price divided by earnings per share. b. Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 2009. c. Give a general explanation of why the P/E changed. 2-17. Solution Mozart Music Co. a. EPS (2008)pic = $2. 80 P/E Ratio (2008)= Price/EPS =pic = 21X b. EPS (2009)pic = $3. 5 P/E Ratio (2009)= Price/EPS=pic= 24X c. The stock price increased by 34% while EPS only increased 16. 1%. 20. Nova Electrics anticipated cash flow from operating activities of $6 million in 2008. It will need to spend $1. 2 million on capital investments in order to remain combative within the industry. Common stock dividends are projected at $. 4 million and preferred stock dividends at $. 55 million. a. What is the firms projected free cash flow for the year 2008? b. What does the concept of free cash flow represent? 2-20. Solution Nova Electronics a. Cash flow from operations activities$6. 0 million Capital Expenditures1. 20 Common stock dividends. 40 Preferred stock dividends . 55 Free cash flow$3. 85 million b. Free cash flow represents the funds that are available for special financial activities, such as a leveraged buyout, increased dividends, common stock repurchases, acquisitions, or refund of debt. 21. The Rogers Corporation has a gross profit of $880,000 and $360,000 in depreciation expense. The Evans Corporation also has $880,000 in gross profit, with $60,000 in depreciation expense. Selling and administrative expense is $120,000 for each company.Given that the tax rate is 40 percent, compute the cash flow for both companies. Explain the difference in cash flow between the two firms. 2-21. Solution Rogers Corporation Evans Corporation Rogers Evans Gross profit $880,000 $880,000 Selling and adm. expense 120,000 120,000 Depreciation 360,000 60,000 Operating profit $400,000 $700,000 Taxes (40%) 160,000 280,000 Earnings after taxes $240,000 $420,000 Plus depreciation expense $360,000 $60,000 Cash Flow $600,000 $480,000 Rogers had $300,000 more i n depreciation which provided $120,000 (0. 40 ( $300,000) more in cash flow. 22. Horton Electronics has current assets of $320,000 and fixed assets of $640,000. Current liabilities are $90,000 and long-term liabilities are $160,000. There is $90,000 in preferred stock outstanding and the firm has issued 40,000 shares of common stock. Compute book value (net worth) per share. 2-22. Solution Horton Energy Company Current assets $320,000 obdurate assets 640,000 Total assets $960,000 Current liabilities 90,000 Long-term liabilities 160,000 Stockholders equity $710,000 Preferred stock obligation 90,000 Net worth assigned to common $620,000 Common shares outstanding 40,000 Book value (net worth) per share $15. 50 23. The Holtzman Corporation has assets of $400,000, current liabilities of $50,000, and long-term liabilities of $100,000. There is $40,000 in preferred stock outstanding 20,000 shares of common stock have been issued. a. Compute book value (net worth) per share. b. If there is $22,000 in earnings available to common stockholders and Holtzmans stock has a P/E of 18 times earnings per share, what is the current price of the stock? c. What is the ratio of market value per share to book value per share? 2-23. Solution Holtzman Corporation a.Total assets $400,000 Current liabilities 50,000 Long-term liabilities 100,000 Stockholders equity $250,000 Preferred stock 40,000 Net worth assigned to common $210,000 Common shares outstanding 20,000 Book values (net worth) per share $10. 50 b. Earnings available to common $22,000 Shares outstanding 20,000 Earnings per share $1. 10 pic c.Market value per share (price) to book value per share $19. 80/$10. 50 = 1. 89 24. Bradley Gypsum Company has assets of $1,900,000, current liabilities of $700,000, and long-term liabilities of $580,000. There is $170,000 in preferred stock outstanding 30,000 shares of common stock have been issued. a. Compute book value (net worth) per share. b. If there is $42,000 in earnings available to common stockholders and Bradleys stock has a P/E of 15 times earnings per share, what is the current price of the stock? c. What is the ratio of market value per share to book value per share? 2-24. Solution Bradley Gypsum Company a.Total assets $1,900,000 Current liabilities 700,000 Long-term liabilities 580,000 Stockholders equity $ 620,000 Preferred stock 170,000 Net worth assigned to common $ 450,000 Common shares outstanding 30,000 Book values (net worth) per share $ 15. 00 b. Earnings available to common stockholders $ 42,000 Shares outstanding 30,000 Earnings per share $ 1. 40 pic c.Market value per share (price) to book value per share $21. 00/$15. 00 = 1. 40 Chapter 14 True / False Questions 148. Capital markets consist of securities having maturities greater than one year. TRUE 149. The capital structure of the firm consists of long-term debt and equity. TRUE 150. Capital markets are becoming increasingly i nternational as investors and issuers seek out the best risk-return opportunities. TRUE 151. Upon entering the capital markets, an investor might invest in common stocks, preferred stock, negotiable certificates of deposit, and convertible securities. FALSE 152.In the last decade, the US has invested substantially more in foreign countries than foreign countries have invested back in the US. FALSE 153. Municipal securities are called tax exempt because no federal taxes must be paid on interest received. TRUE 154. The stock market far exceeds the bond market in terms of size of new capital raised. FALSE 155. The capital markets serve as a way of allocating available capital to the most efficient user. TRUE 156. The main reason for the small amount of financing with preferred stock is that dividends on preferred stock are not tax deductible as are interest paid on bonds. TRUE 157. Retained earnings account for the majority of internally generated corporate funds. FALSE 158.When an inv estor buys stock in the stock market, he is purchasing shares from a company. FALSE 159. Internal funds generated by corporations include retained earnings and non cash expenses such as depreciation and deferred taxes. TRUE 160. Households and the government are mainly considered to be suppliers of funds while corporations are generally considered users of funds. FALSE 161. Financial intermediaries bear funds into the capital markets from the household sector. TRUE 162. Brokers on an organized stock exchange act as an agent for the person buying or selling securities. TRUE 163. Brokers actually own the securities they buy and sell on the floor of the exchange. FALSE 164.The NASDAQ depicted object Market is composed of large nation-wide companies that are traded in the over-the-counter(prenominal) market. TRUE 165. The strong form of the efficient market hypothesis states that prices reflect all public information. FALSE 166. The efficient market hypothesis is generally touch on with the impact of information on the behavior of stock prices. TRUE 167. The weak form of the efficient market hypothesis states that an investor can profit by development past price selective information. FALSE 168. Markets are efficient when prices adjust rapidly to new information, continuous markets exist and large dollar trades can be inattentive without large price movements. TRUE 169.The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 holds the CEO legally accountable for the accuracy of their firms financial statements. TRUE 170. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 holds a firms internal auditors legally accountable for the accuracy of their firms financial statements. FALSE 171. The future of the NYSE is uncertain due to their unwillingness to adapt to the increase in internationalization and electronic trading in the markets. FALSE Multiple Choice Questions 172. Evidence of how global markets are linked was provided in 1997 and 1998 when international markets reacted to A. the collapse of Asian currencies in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Korea. B. Russias default on its monarch debt. C. Japans seven years of economic stagnation.D. a and b are true. 173. When global capital markets collectively react to international events like Russias default on its self-reliant debt, it is common to find A. that there is no impact on multinational companies ability to raise capital. B. an impact on the ability to raise capital. C. that Wall bridle-path firms are so diversified that they are not affected by this event. D. All of these are true. 174. Which of the following is not a money market prick? A. Treasury bills B. Commercial paper C. Negotiable certificates of deposit D. Treasury bonds 175. Global capital markets are influenced by A. interest rates. B. investor confidence. C. elative economic growth. D. all of these. 176. Companies list their stock around the globe to A. capitalize on the inefficiency inherent in foreign markets. B. increase liquidity for their stockholders . C. provide opportunities for the sale of new stock in foreign countries. D. b and c are correct. 177. Foreign investors have preferred to invest in the United States due to all but one of the following reasons A. less stringent regulation of securities markets. B. political stability of the U. S. government. C. the U. S. dollar is the worlds international currency. D. all of these are reasons that foreign investors prefer to invest in the United States. 178.With respect to the United States and its relationship with the rest of the world, it can be said that A. the U. S. has invested more dollars in the rest of the world than foreign countries have invested in the U. S. B. the U. S. has actively helped foreign countries finance their government deficits. C. foreign investors hold large positions in U. S. government securities. D. All of these. 179. Financial instruments in the capital markets generally fall under what category in the Balance Sheet? A. Short-term liabilities and eq uities. B. Long-term liabilities and equities. C. Near cash assets. D. None of these. 180. Corporations prefer bonds over preferred stock for financing their operations because A. referred stocks require a dividend. B. bond interest rates change with the economy while stock dividends remain constant. C. the after-tax cost of debt is less than the cost of preferred stock. D. none of these. 181. Federally sponsored credit agencies include all but which of the following? A. Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) B. Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB) C. Student Loan Marketing Association (Sallie Mae) D. Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) 182. Which of the following is an internal source of funds? A. Cash flow from depreciation (tax shield) B. Net loss C. Repurchase of debt securities D. Bank loan 183.The major supplier of funds for investment in the whole economy is A. businesses. B. households. C. government. D. financial institutions. 184. Financial intermediari es serve which of the following purposes? A. Financial intermediaries allow for indirect investment in the capital markets by households. B. Aid in the flow of funds finished the economy. C. Help provide allocation of funds to the best investments. D. All of these. 185. Which of the following are benefits of financial intermediaries? A. Increase market liquidity B. Provide a direct market for investors C. Act as agents of the government D. Only a and b 186. The purpose of secondary trading is to A. rovide liquidity and competition between investments. B. provide a market to issue securities not handled in primary trading. C. provide jobs for brokers and dealers. D. provide visit commissions than on the organized exchanges. 187. The most important capital markets in the world (in terms of dollar value) are located in A. New York. B. London. C. Toronto. D. Tokyo. 188. Which Stock Exchange is known as the most liquid? A. NASDAQ B. AMEX C. CBOT D. NYSE 189. Middle to small size compan ies that are centered in one city or state would most likely be found on the A. NASDAQ National Market. B. NASDAQ Small Cap Market. C. Supplemental list. D. New York Stock Exchange. 190.The emergence of trading via ECNs has A. offer a unique advantage not offered by the NYSE B. lowered the cost of trading. C. made trading more difficult for small investors. D. all of these are true. 191. Which of the following is not a criterion for an efficient market? A. Prices adjust rapidly to new information. B. Large dollar amounts of securities can be absorbed without price destabilization. C. Each successive trade is made at a price close to the previous trade. D. Computerized handling of transactions. 192. Security markets are efficient when each of the following exist except A. security prices follow the leading indicators such as the DJIA very closely. B. he markets can absorb large dollar amounts of stock without destabilizing the price. C. prices adjust rapidly to new information. D. th ere is a continuous market where each successive trade is made at a price close to the previous trade. 193. The efficient market hypothesis deals primarily with A. random speculation in securities. B. the degree to which prices adjust to new information. C. degrees to which price movements are the result of past trends. D. how an investor can significantly outperform the market in general. 194. The efficient market hypothesis has several forms. The weak form states that A. past price data is unrelated to future prices. B. prices reflect all public information. C. ll information both public and private is immediately reflected in stock prices. D. none of these 195. Security markets provide liquidity A. by allowing corporations to raise funds by selling new issues. B. by creating a market in which owners may easily turn an investment into cash through its sale. C. a and b are both correct. D. neither a nor b are correct. 196. The semi-strong form of the efficient market hypothesis sta tes that A. past price data is unrelated to future prices. B. prices reflect all public information. C. all information both public and private is immediately reflected in stock prices. D. none of these 197. The strong form of the efficient market hypothesis states that A. ast price data is positively correlated to future prices. B. prices reflect all public information. C. all information both public and private is immediately reflected in stock prices. D. none of these 198. Security markets are affected by all of the following except A. interest rates B. global crises C. book values of equity D. emotions 199. Financial intermediaries include all of the following except A. commercial banks B. life insurance companies C. corporations D. pension plans 200. The purposes of security ordinance include all of the following except A. protect against fraud B. ensure market efficiency C. reduce insider trading D. provide a global competitive advantage

Characters in Hamlet Essay

In Hamlet, Polonius interacts in very different ways with the various voices. While talking with Reynaldo, he speaks in a sneaky, sly and clever manner. When talking with his daughter Ophelia, he seems very concerned. When talking with Hamlet, he seems confused, non knowing what Hamlet is talking about. When talking with the Players, however, he acts imperiously, exerting his authority over them.When talking with Reynaldo, Polonius speaks in a clever and sneaky manner. He tells Reynaldo exactly how to speak to people while trying to understand Laertes. He tells him exactly what to say so that the other person will be forced to tell him of the whereabouts of Laertes. He told him that he should say you may say, not well. But, if t be he I mean, hes very wild. Poloniuss sneakiness is seen through his clever tactic in sending Reynaldo to capital of France for the purpose of discovering Laertes habits. When talking with his daughter Ophelia, however, he seems genuinely concerned. This is true because in regard to Laertes, Polonius was looking for an excuse to punish or disown him for going away the country. However, by Ophelia, Polonius is really concerned.While speaking with Gertrude and Claudius, Polonius is very honest. He comes before the king and queen bringing good news. The good news is that he knows wherefore Hamlet is so upset. The reason is because of Ophelia. After discovering Hamlets lust for his daughter, he told Ophelia to stop meeting Hamlet and to send back Hamlets love letters. Then, he asks the king and queen if there has ever been a time where he had not told the truth. Claudius responds not that I know. To prove his fidelity, he is vigilant to have his head chopped off if he is wrong.When talking with Hamlet, Polonius is confused. Polonius does not understand what Hamlet is talking about. When confronting Hamlet, Hamlet is reading a watchword. When asked what kind of book he is reading, Hamlet responds Slanders sir.While speaking with the Players, Polonius is arrogantly domineering. The Players come to perform a play for hamlet in order to cheer him up. Whiledoing their play, Polonius impolitely interrupts them. He makes comments such as This is too long. In addition, after the play, when Hamlet instructs Polonius to treat the Players well, Polonius responds arrogantly, My lord, I will use them according to their desert. In response to Poloniuss disrespectful statement, Hamlet says Gods bodykins man, much better. Use every man after his desert, and who should scape whipping? Use them after you reward and dignity.In conclusion, Poloniuss character varies with every individual he interacts with. It varies to the extent that his character can change from extremely honest to sly and sneaky. Also, it can change from confused to arrogantly domineering. His unique character traits differ greatly to the extent that by the end of Act II, Polonius is viewed as a necessary and crucial character in the play.

Vegetarian/Vegan Documented Argument

No Dessert until You Finish Your Ve checkables A vegetarian lifestyle has been lived by a small portion of society for classs for many different reasons. Most affection eaters do non agree with the views or lifestyle pickaxs or vegetarians. In recent years, however, the practice of withholding from summation breathing in has taken on new life mainly because of undeniable new proof of its nearlyness benefits and a changing brformer(a)ly view that is gradually expanding to include the rights of animals. In spite of its speedy growth, the vegetarian ideology remains a largely controversial base for many Ameri gages.Its sudden popularity in the peculator leaves many avid meat-eaters interviewing the validity of Its benefits and struggling to defend their way of life which has been around since cavemen. While meat consumption in America is rising, vegetarianism is flourishing a surprising popularity of its own. A poll deep conducted by Time Magazine estimates that ten million A mericans cope themselves to be vegetarians, and an additional twenty million say that they welcome flirted with vegetarianism somewhat fourth dimension In the past (Corrals).A separate survey found that schools and universities atomic number 18 Increasingly religious offering meatless meals to their students in an attempt to keep up with the increasing demand among young vegetarians. In fact, in a recent survey of twelve to 19 year olds, twenty percent of all the respondents and 28 percent of the female respondents described vegetarianism as in (Irvine). While many critics dismiss this appreciation for the stem of a plant-based food as a short-lived social trend, that is hardly the case.Eating meat is a practice that causes numerous wellness risks and takes a probatory chime on the environment, all at the expense of the suffering of Innocent creatures. Society as a whole would be better served In making a transition to a healthier, less violent vegetarian lifestyle. Such a change would leave the world a better place, benefiting our earth and our health as well as increasing our aw arness of the world around us. One of the most important reasons for our society to accept vegetarianism is the damage that meat production causes to the environment.While most Americans dont put on It, alimentation and producing meat inspires a wasteful misuse of the earths valuable resources, leaving an UN- occupy the earth, three times the number of human beings (Motivational). In the U. S. Alone lineage outnumber muckle twenty-five to one. The amount of room compulsory to raise all these animals is massive (Corrals). In South America, about seventy thousand earth of rainforests are destroyed every day to make land for cattle to graze (Hurley 40), and the use of the land Is so Inefficient that It Is estimated that a single vegetarian exit save an acre of trees every year.The large number of animals bred for food go to the bathroom at a rate of 87,000 pounds per sec ond, or about 20 tons of muck per year for every U. S. Household, all of which is eventually routed to rivers ND streams. The problem is so bad that the Environmental Protection Agency has stated that animal feces pollutes American peeingways some(prenominal) than than all other industrial sources combined (Motivational). Modern farming methods to a fault consume water and fogy fuels at an alarming rate. It requires simply 2,000 liters of water to produce a in beef (Corrals).The amount of waste is disturbing. In his book The Food Revolution, John Robbins states youd save more water by not eating one pound of California beef than you would by not showering for an entire year (Metallic). The production f meat also requires huge amounts of fossil fuel, consuming about eight times what it would take to produce a comparable amount of plant protein and about 30 times the fuel required to produce an equal amount of perforate (Hurley). Ironically, the vegetable industry also wastes massive amounts of food.The amount of grain consumed by Americas livestock, about five times the grain consumed by humans in the U. S. , could feed 800 million nation (Corrals). Jean Mayer, a nutritionist at Harvard, estimates that a reduction in meat consumption by the American people by Just ten recent would produce profuse grain to feed 60 million people (Metallic), and agent Environmental Minister of India Manage Gandhi is quoted as saying, Were all of the grain fed to livestock consumed directly by humans, it would nourish five times as many people as it does after being converted into meat, milk and eggs (Hurley 40).The problem is exacerbated by the fact that meat production is such an inefficient use of land, piece a ten-acre farm could support 60 people growing soybeans or 24 people growing wheat, the same ten acres could support only two people raising cattle (Metallic). The case against eating meat is also strengt chicked by the overabundance of scientific evidence beh ind the health benefits of a vegetarian lifestyle. The premise that vegetarian diets are nutritionally lacking is a common misconception however, the scientific evidence supports a conclusion to the contrary.The USDA and nutrition experts alike shed praised vegetarianism for its health benefits (Hurley 39) in fact, research has shown that for many people the health benefits of a vegetarian diet may exceed that of those who eat meat. The most obvious reason for this is the emf that meat carries for contamination. Sixty percent of supermarket chickens are infected with salmonella, and in 1997 alone 25 million pounds of hamburger were contaminated with the E. Coli virus (Metallic). Mostly, however, vegetarian diets are endorsed for much more positive reasons.Studies extradite shown that the meat-free lifestyle is beneficial for reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, and several forms of crabmeat (Corrals). Especially significant in todays s ociety due to the growing problem, is the diets potential for lowering the risk for obesity. According to the U. S. Government, 23% of Americans were obese as of the year 2000 (Overweight Prevalence). Plant-based diets have also been shown to aid in diabetics kidney and nerve functions.In addition, they may be a factor in the longer life spans evident in industrialized nations and, agree to the International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition at Loam Linda University, can slow, and perhaps even reverse, age-related declines in brain function and in cognitive and motor deed (Corrals). Alternatively, a large study has found that diets high in animal protein and lacking in Lana foods in truth increased the risk for heart disease and cancer (Meat-Free). Dry. Caldwell Uselessly Jar. F the Cleveland Clinic asserts that our typical American diet, characterized by its emphasis on animal products, is the cause of 75% of the diseases in our country (Hurley 39). There have also been several fi ndings in this area of particular interest to women. Studies have shown that soy foods, the most and reduce the hot flashes she experiences during menopause (Meat-Free). In addition, a study recently published in Contemporary BOB/GUN maintains that a low- at vegetarian diet can aid in the relief of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome such as pain intensity, behavioral problems and water retention (Correct).Cardiovascular disease, which run throughs more women than any other disease, can also be affected by a vegetarian diet, as the diet leads to striking reductions in cholesterol (Shadows). The common myth that vegetarian diets are nutritionally inadequate is largely untrue. Even the American Dietetic Association endorses vegetarianism A well-planned vegetarian eating style can be healthful, nutritionally sound, and beneficial for the prevention of certain diseases. One of the prevailing misconceptions is that the diet does not allow for all the necessary protein.The truth, however, is exactly the opposite several vegetables and soy products in particular provide all of the protein that the body needs (Meat-Free). In contrast, the average omnivore actually consumes an amount of protein that greatly exceeds what is excoriateicund (Hurley 40). Another concern is the lack of calcium in the diet, but this also proves unfounded. In fact, research has shown that while most American teens get far from enough calcium, vegetarian teens who include eggs and milk in their diet actually consume a more than adequate amount of the nutrient (Corrals).Perhaps the most important business line for vegetarianism is the practice of producing and eating meat. The process of giving life for the sole purpose of taking it away is extremely questionable from an ethical point of view. Author Michael Pollen wrote, more(prenominal) than any other institution, the American industrial animal farm offers a nightmarish glimpse of what capitalism can look like in the absence of moral o r regulatory constraint. This is particularly true in the case of Cafes, Confined Animal Feeding Operations, sometimes also called factory farms.Conditions on these farms are so repulsive that Pollen writes, To visit a modern CAFE Is to enter a world that, for all its technological sophistication, is excuse designed according to Cartesian principles animals are machines incapable of feeling pain. Since no thinking person can possibly believe this any more, industrial animal agriculture depends on a suspension of disbelief on the part of the people who operate it and a willingness to avert your eyes on the part of everyone else. Male chickens born on a CAFE will be thrown into trash bags and left to die because they are of no value to a farmer Motivational). Those females unlucky enough to stick up are packed six at a time into a crate no wider than a piece of paper. The stress soon overwhelms them, and most rub against the cages until they molt and bleed (Pollen) they would canni balize the other animals but for the fact that their beaks are literally seared off at birth (Hurley).When a laying hen is about to die, she will be force-molted which means she is deprived of food and water for days at a time to force her to lay one persist time before she dies. The mortality rate from stress alone at these farms is about ten percent, a umber so fixed that farmers will actually budget it into their production costs. Another example is that of the hogs raised for bacon and pork. Weaned only ten days after birth, baby pigs develop an oral fixation of suction on the tails of the other pigs.The pigs in possession of the suckled tails are so depressed that they refuse to fight back, and the constant sucking and nibbling can easily lend the tail to infection. To remove the tail but to make the sucking so painful that the accosted pig will have no choice but to fight back. Pigs who dont fight back and become infected or take ill are clubbed to finis on the spot (Pollen ). Some critics question the validity of reports of animal cruelty, citing government regulations and the Humane fiasco Act, which was intended to guarantee the humane treatment of animals.Unfortunately government regulations are sparse and rarely enforced, and the Humane Slaughter Act applies only to the actual slaughtering process itself and offers an animal no protection from mistreatment up until the moment of death (Hurley 37). Additionally, the Act and even regular USDA inspections have had seemingly little effect on actual farm practices animals are regularly skinned alive, and often regain consciousness ruing slaughtering (Motivational). There are purely moral arguments against eating meat as well.In his critical essay Why Friends Shouldnt Let Friends be Eaten An Argument for Vegetarianism, author Jeff Jordan examines the issue of morality from a sociologically scientific standpoint The morality of meat consumption also comes into question given the growing evidence that a nimals are capable of emotions very similar to our own. It is or so inarguable that animals hold the capacity to experience fear, and most higher mammals and even some birds play in their youth and into adulthood. It might be surprising for some to learn that even grief has been observed among wild animals, especially at the death of a family member.Scientists have often seen elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members and even standing beside the remains for many days, periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. Similarly, female sea lions have been seen wailing as their pups are eaten by predators. This evidence leaves little doubt in some scientists minds that animals have at least a basic understanding of the concept of death (Tangled). If this is the case, then Animal Liberation author Peter Singer makes a very valid point The question is not, Can they reason? Or, Can they gurgle? But, Can they suffer? ( Pollen). Our very motivation behind meat consumption is also cause for moral concern. In a recent study visual aspect in The Journal of Social Psychology, researchers contemplated the fact that the prominence of meat in the food system seems greater than its nutritional value therefore, meat probably has a socially constructed value. It has been postulated in the past that meat may have a higher social connection with masculinity and power while plant foods are stereotypically associated with undermined weaker traits.The findings of the published study confirmed this theory researchers found that a more pronounced omnivore identity was associated with stronger social dominance, and that omnivores tended to value social power where vegetarians emphasized peace, equality, and social Justice. The strong correlation suggests a desire to eat meat not Just for sustenance but also as a means of environmental control (Allen et al). Most major religions examine the concept of vegetarianism, and virtually all at least parti ally endorse it as a way of life.Buddha instructed his pursuit to abstain from eating meat, and in the Hindu Epic poem The Inhabitant followers who desire good memory, long life with perfect health, and physical, moral and weird strength are encouraged to consume only plant foods (Null 12). Even the Bible encourages a plant based diet Then God said, l give fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food (Holy Bible Gene. 129). In spite of the surplus of evidence that vegetarianism would be more beneficial to humanity, critics continue to voice their skepticism and, sometimes, downright disdain for the idea of forsaking meat. The website www. Inches. Net, for instance, poses the question, If animals werent meant to be eaten, why are they made out of meat? It is a question that Richard Corrals rightly counters, One might ask the same of humans. The fact remains that many of the opinions against vegetarianism are easily challenged. For instance, most opponents will maintain that meat is necessary for a healthy diet, and that it is only harmful when eaten in excess. The fallibility in this argument is that the average American eats two times the recommended amount of protein it is closely always, at least in our country, eaten in excess (Corrals).The idea that farmers have an interest in keeping their animals healthy is also a falsehood. The plight of veau calves is a perfect example these calves are treated so distressingly that they must be medicated to keep them alive. Because of the way they are raised, they are usually as well weak to walk and have to be dragged into the slaughterhouse (Hurley 38). Opponents also point to the food chain when attempting to contest vegetarianisms way of life claiming that man is naturally on top of the food chain and that animals would be Just as susceptible to predators in the wild as they are on a farm, if not more so.Pollen argues against this point Do you really want to base your morality on the natural order? Murd er and rape are natural, too. Besides, humans dont need to kill other creatures in order to survive animals do. There are also those who argue that man, who secured his position at the top of his food chain with his powerful cerebral capabilities, has an inherent right to consume the flesh of other animals. While man is indeed intellectually superior to his fellow beings, his intelligence should not be justification for harming those less fortunate than himself.Just because one man is less wealthy than another goes that give the wealthy man the right to think he is better than the poor man? I have experienced first hand not only a vegetarian lifestyle but a vegan lifestyle. As a vegan I restrained from eating any animal products including all types of meat, dairy products and even honey. If I had a dollar for every time someone tells me that I dont get enough protein in my diet I would have enough money to buy the entire meat industry that is telling me my way of life is wrong. A s a vegan I obtained all of the necessary nutrients my body needed in a more healthy way than most meat eaters.I get protein from beans and other legumes. I also drank raw, vegan protein shakes which gave me more protein than a normal serving of dairy protein shakes. Contrary to mainstream belief, I never felt run-down or sick during my time as a vegan. In fact, I quickly noticed a boost in my energy and metabolism when I made the switch from omnivore to herbivore. I was digesting food quicker and I started sleeping better. Along with the physical benefits, I also noticed that I was happier. I had a more sane humour and my confidence went up. My friends and family were amazed at how well I was dealing with giving up meat.I didnt have a hard time at all. Most people think that if they make the switch to vegetarian that they will have terrible cravings for meat. While somewhat true, my meat cravings went away quickly and after almost a year of being vegetarian the thought of meat now makes my lifestyle. The benefits are innumerable and obvious. Anyone trying to lose weight will be amazed how quickly the fat sheds and is much more easily replaced by lean muscle. My personal experiences are defense enough for me to prove that anyone can benefit from a vegetarian lifestyle. I am still a vegetarian and I do not intend on owing back to meat.

Serial Killer Research

The Insanity Of Killers accompanying murder is a psychological crime in many aspects. It is a planned, thought out action. The crimes themselves are often desireted in order for the slayer to gain a sense of power, control, and domination. There must(prenominal) be psychological desires and/or perceived needs that are some otherwise lacking in his or her career. Are concomitant killers insane? Not by legal standards. The legal definition of insanity is based on the 19th century MNaghten Rules Does the offender infrastand the difference between right and aggrieve?If he flees or makes any attempt to hide the crime, then the offender is non insane, because his actions show that he understood that what he was doing was wrong. Yet what person in their right mind would filet young children and write letters to the parents, glorifying over what a fine meal their child made? In the case of Albert Fish, the control board found him insane, except he deserved to die anyway. A forma l definition of legal insanity first was adopted in 1843 and is c onlyed the MNaghten test its elementary form still is used today.The test outlines that the defense must clearly prove that the accused person was so impaired psychologically as to not understand that the crime was wrong when he or she committed it. Most crime experts believe that serial killers are not insane and are in full aware of their actions at the time that they commit murders. Whats more, serial murderers commit several crimes, so it would follow that they should be proved as insane when planning and committing all the crimes theyre charged with.Some serial killers have been diagnosed as psychopaths, or people who act with total disregard for the rights of others they can tell the difference between right and wrong, however, so psychopaths arent considered insane. Society believes that the insanity defense is used far more often than it actually is and people believe that the defense is used as a play to av oid punishment. People perceive serial killers as inhumane and question how they could ever commit the crimes that they do.Some think it is inhumane to put a killer to death, besides isnt it even more inhumane to kill as many people as that killer did? One of the most predictable attempts to shift the unsaved is by creating an evil dark side, or alter ego. Fabricating an alter ego is a convenient way to pin the guilt on another, even if that other is within. Its a psychological variation of the devil made me do it. But diabolical alter egos are usually clumsy constructions that fall apart under scrutiny. At best, a legitimate split personality could hope for a mental institution instead of death row.But authentic cases are exceptionally rare. The motives of serial killers can be placed into five different categories visionary, missionary, hedonistic, gain motivated, power and control. Visionary is like having that little voice in your head telling you to do something, so the kill er listens and even sometimes tries to shift the blame on to the voice and claiming to be insane. So-called missionary killers believe that their acts are justified on the basis that they are getting rid of a certain type of person and thus doing society a favor.The hedonistic type kills for the sheer delectation of it, although what aspect they enjoy varies. This is the most common type of serial killer depicted in slasher and horror movies, psychological thrillers, and so on. Gain motivated, most criminals who commit multiple murders for material ends (such as Mafia hit men) are not classed as serial killers, because they are motivated by economic gain rather than psychopathological compulsion. Power and control, their main objective for killing is to gain and exert power over their victim.Such killers are sometimes abused as children, leaving them with feelings of powerlessness and inadequacy as adults. They must be insane, what normal person could slaughter another human, for the sheer pleasure of it? Yet the most chilling fact just about serial killers is that they are rational and calculating. As the British Jeffrey Dahmer Dennis Nilsen put it, a mind can be evil without being abnormal. Serial Killer-psychopathological or psychotic person Differences between the two. What is a serial killer? A serial killer is a person who attacks and kills victims oneness by one in a serial of incidents.Some characteristics of a serial killer is that they have a minimum of three to four victims, usually with a cooling off period in between. The killer usually is likely to victimize a stranger than they are to victimize someone that they know. The serial killer has a sadistic urge to dominate in that location victims, they do not profit, except for psychological satisfaction. The serial killer usually looks for victims that are vulnerable. The majority of serial killers are white males, in there new 20s to early 30s, but some have been known to be a lot older.Ser ial killers usually come from lower to shopping center class family backgrounds and they usually have at least an average intelligence. There are two types of serial killers, the psychotic and the psychopath. The psychotic serial killer is one who is legally insane, they cannot tell the difference between right and wrong, they may hear voices, see visions and sometimes may have hallucinations prior to committing the murders. The son of Sam aka David Berkowitz is a great example of a psychotic serial killer. The second type of serial killer is the psychopathic serial killer.The psychopathic serial killer does not suffer from hallucinations, they know the difference between right and wrong, and are in touch with reality, they just do not care what the are doing is not right. Psychopathic serial killers lack one very important trait and that is that they do not have a conscience, or that there conscience is too purposeless to stop the violent behavior. A psychopathic serial killer do es not feel any guilt, nor are they sorry for there actions. There are numerous theories as to whether a person is born with the predisposition to kill some theories suggest that the psychopath is a product of his/her environment.It is possible that it is a combination of some(prenominal) genetics anjd the persons environment. The worst part of a psychopathic serial killer is his/her ability to blend in with their environment. They will act normal, but underneath there persona, lies two uncontrollable traits sexual abnormality and a consuming need for power. The killing satisfies both the ultimate control over life and death. Simply, killing gives them pleasure, they will because they want to and because they enjoy doing so.The only thing that stops a serial killer from committing these types of killings is either they are arrested or they die. Works Cited Debswood, . Serial Killer Psychopathic or Psychotic. Scienceray. 19 2008. Web. 2 Nov 2012. . Ward, Daniel. The MNaghten Rule A Re-evaluation. Marquette Law Review. Marquette Law Scholarly Commons, n. d. Web. 4 Nov 2012. . Bardsley, Marilyn. Albert Fish. Trutv-Crime Library. A Time Warner Company. Web. 3 Nov 2012. . Sullivan, Andrew. judicial decision of Madness. Studymode. studymode. com, 27 2011. Web. 5 Nov 2012. .